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Amylase Baking enzyme
Amylase Baking enzyme is a class of enzymes that catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch into sugars such as maltose and glucose. In the baking industry, amylases are widely used to improve dough handling, enhance fermentation, increase loaf volume, improve crumb softness, and extend shelf life. The enzyme is typically derived from microbial (fungal or bacterial) sources like Aspergillus oryzae or Bacillus subtilis. Commercial baking amylase products may include α-amylase, β-amylase, and glucoamylase, depending on application needs.
Description
Amylase Baking enzyme Uses
Primary Uses
Food & Beverage Industry – Baking
- Bread Making:
- Breaks down starch into fermentable sugars, providing food for yeast and enhancing fermentation.
- Improves oven spring and loaf volume.
- Enhances crust color through Maillard reaction by increasing reducing sugars.
- Improves crumb structure and softness.
- Pastries, Rolls, and Cakes:
- Improves dough extensibility and reduces mixing time.
- Enhances crumb texture, softness, and shelf life.
- Frozen Dough Products:
- Maintains yeast activity and sugar levels in frozen or retarded dough systems.
- Prevents sugar loss during freeze-thaw cycles.
- Flour Treatment:
- Added directly to flour in mills to standardize baking performance.
- Compensates for seasonal variations in flour starch content.
Industrial Enzyme Applications
- Beer Brewing (α- and β-amylase):
- Helps convert starches in malt to fermentable sugars during mashing.
- Improves alcohol yield and consistency in brewing.
- Malt Extract Production:
- Used to break down starches in malted barley for food ingredients and brewing.
Secondary Uses
Animal Feed Additive
- Added to animal feed to improve starch digestibility in livestock and poultry, enhancing nutrient absorption and feed efficiency.
Textile Industry
- Used in desizing of cotton fabrics by breaking down starch-based sizing agents, allowing easier removal during washing.
Paper & Pulp Industry
- Applied to reduce viscosity of starch in paper coatings and improve paper strength and printability.
Detergent Industry
- Some specialty detergents include amylase to remove starch-based stains from fabrics and kitchenware.
Bioethanol Production
- Amylase is used to hydrolyze starch in feedstocks like corn or cassava into fermentable sugars prior to fermentation.
Pharmaceutical & Diagnostic
- Used in some diagnostic kits for starch digestion and enzyme activity measurement.
Wastewater Treatment
- Helps in degrading starch-based organic materials in effluent systems, improving biodegradability.
KEY ATTRIBUTES
1. Basic Identification Attributes
- IUPAC Name: α-1,4-glucan-4-glucanohydrolase (for α-amylase)
- Common/Trade Names: Amylase, Fungal α-Amylase, Bacterial α-Amylase, Glucoamylase
- CAS Numbers:
- α-Amylase (from Aspergillus oryzae): 9000-90-2
- Bacterial α-Amylase (from Bacillus subtilis): 9000-92-4
- Glucoamylase: 9032-08-0
- HS Code: 3507.90.00 (Enzymes for industrial use)
- Synonyms: Diastase, Liquefying Amylase, Saccharogenic Enzyme
2. Physical & Chemical Properties
- Appearance: Free-flowing powder, granules, or liquid (brownish or light tan)
- Odor: Mild fermentation odor
- Solubility: Soluble in water, insoluble in organic solvents
- Activity: Varies – usually specified in SKB, DU, or FAU units
- pH Range of Activity: Typically 4.5–7.5 (depends on enzyme type)
- Optimum Temperature:
- Fungal α-amylase: 45–60°C
- Bacterial α-amylase: 60–85°C
- Thermal Stability: Some forms are heat-stable for baking applications
3. Safety & Hazard Attributes
- GHS Classification:
- Not hazardous in diluted or properly formulated forms
- May cause allergic respiratory reactions in sensitive individuals
- NFPA Ratings:
- Health: 1
- Flammability: 0
- Reactivity: 0
- Toxicity:
- Non-toxic at use levels in food
- Inhalation of enzyme dust may cause sensitization
- Incompatibilities: Strong acids or oxidizers (may denature enzyme)
4. Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions:
- Store in original container, tightly closed, in a cool (≤25°C), dry place
- Avoid exposure to moisture and direct sunlight
- Shelf Life:
- Powder: 12–24 months
- Liquid: 6–12 months (refrigerated preferred)
- Packaging:
- Food-grade bags, fiber drums, IBCs, jerry cans (for liquids)
- Handling Notes:
- Avoid dust formation
- Ensure proper air handling in enclosed environments
5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- FDA (USA): GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) when derived from approved microbial strains
- EU EFSA: Approved as a processing aid or food additive under specific conditions
- FAO/WHO JECFA: Acceptable enzyme preparations from specified sources
- Labeling: May require declaration as a processing aid or enzyme preparation
- Allergen Statement: Required in some jurisdictions due to sensitization potential
6. Environmental & Health Impact
- Ecotoxicity:
- Generally considered safe to aquatic life in diluted effluent
- Biodegradability:
- Rapidly biodegradable under normal wastewater treatment conditions
- Bioaccumulation:
- No potential
- Occupational Exposure:
- Risk of respiratory sensitization in enzyme production or bulk handling
- Minimal risk to consumers in end products
- Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity:
Not classified as carcinogenic or mutagenic
SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS
Safety Handling Precautions
- PPE:
- Wear gloves, goggles, and dust masks when handling powdered enzymes
- Avoid:
- Dust inhalation, ingestion, or skin/eye contact
- Hygiene:
- Wash hands and exposed skin after handling
- Do not eat or drink in the handling area
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation:
- Move to fresh air. Seek medical help if allergic reaction or difficulty breathing occurs
- Skin Contact:
- Wash thoroughly with soap and water
- Eye Contact:
- Rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes
- Ingestion:
- Rinse mouth, drink water. Seek medical advice if symptoms persist
Firefighting Measures
- Flammability:
- Non-flammable, but dust may pose a combustible dust hazard in rare conditions
- Extinguishing Media:
- Water spray, CO₂, foam, or dry powder
- Special Hazards:
- If heated to decomposition, may emit carbon oxides
- Firefighter Protection:
- Use self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) in case of large fires
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