Benzyl Alcohol
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Benzyl Alcohol is an aromatic alcohol with a mild pleasant odor and clear, colorless liquid appearance. It serves as a versatile solvent, preservative, and intermediate in chemical synthesis. Benzyl Alcohol is widely used across pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, paints, coatings, and as a bacteriostatic agent in injectable drugs. Its relatively low toxicity and good solvent properties make it valuable in both industrial and consumer products.
Description
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Benzyl Alcohol
Primary Uses
- Pharmaceuticals & Medical
- Used as a bacteriostatic preservative in injectable drugs and intravenous solutions.
- Acts as a solvent for various active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).
- Included in topical, ophthalmic, and nasal formulations for its antimicrobial properties.
- Cosmetics & Personal Care
- Serves as a preservative and solvent in creams, lotions, shampoos, and other personal care products.
- Used in fragrances and perfumes as a solvent and fixative.
- Included for its antimicrobial properties in skin care formulations.
- Industrial Applications
- Solvent in paints, coatings, inks, and varnishes due to its moderate evaporation rate.
- Used in manufacturing plasticizers, dyes, and synthetic flavors/fragrances.
- Intermediate in the synthesis of various chemicals including esters and benzyl derivatives.
- Food Industry
- Used as a flavoring agent and preservative in some food products (regulated usage).
Secondary Uses
- Employed in printing and textile industries as a solvent for dyes and inks.
- Utilized in the synthesis of esters for plasticizers and perfumes.
- Used in woodworking and cleaning applications as a solvent and preservative.
KEY PRODUCT FEATURES
1. Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): Benzyl alcohol
- Common/Trade Names: Benzyl Alcohol, Phenylcarbinol
- CAS Number: 100-51-6
- HS Code: 2914.39.00
- Molecular Formula: C7H8O
- Synonyms: Phenylmethanol, Benzenemethanol
2. Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: Colorless liquid
- Color & Odor: Colorless, mild pleasant aromatic odor
- Melting Point: -15°C
- Boiling Point: 205.3°C
- Density: 1.04 g/cm³
- Solubility: Slightly soluble in water (~4 g/100 mL at 20°C), miscible with most organic solvents
- pH Level: Neutral to slightly acidic
- Vapor Pressure: 0.13 mm Hg at 25°C
- Flash Point: 93°C (closed cup)
- Autoignition Temperature: 450°C
- Viscosity: ~4.3 mPa·s at 20°C
3. Safety & Hazard Attributes
- Hazard Class (GHS): Flammable liquid, Category 4
- NFPA Ratings: Health 1, Flammability 2, Reactivity 0
- Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL = 10 ppm (benzyl alcohol vapor)
- Reactivity: Stable under normal conditions; incompatible with strong oxidizers
- Toxicity: Low acute toxicity; may cause skin or eye irritation on prolonged exposure
4. Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, well-ventilated area away from heat or ignition sources
- Container Type: Glass or metal containers recommended
- Shelf Life: Typically 2–3 years under proper storage
- Special Handling: Use gloves and eye protection; prevent vapor buildup and avoid inhalation
5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- FDA: Approved for use as a food additive and in pharmaceuticals
- EU: Approved for use in cosmetics (INCI name Benzyl Alcohol) and food flavoring
- Transportation: Classified as flammable liquid; handle according to regulations
- Waste Disposal: Dispose of according to local environmental regulations
6. Environmental & Health Impact
- Ecotoxicity: Low to moderate toxicity to aquatic life; avoid environmental release
- Persistence: Biodegradable under aerobic conditions
- Carcinogenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic by IARC or OSHA
- Biodegradability: Readily biodegradable
SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS
Safety Handling Precautions
- PPE: Use chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing.
- Ventilation: Handle in well-ventilated areas to avoid vapor accumulation.
- Fire Safety: Keep away from open flames, sparks, and hot surfaces. Use proper grounding to prevent static discharge.
- Spill Response: Absorb spills with inert material; avoid release into drains or environment.
- Hygiene: Wash hands thoroughly after handling; avoid ingestion and inhalation.
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if respiratory irritation or difficulty occurs.
- Skin Contact: Wash thoroughly with soap and water; remove contaminated clothing; seek medical care if irritation persists.
- Eye Contact: Rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes; seek medical attention if irritation continues.
- Ingestion: Rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting; seek immediate medical assistance.
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Flammable liquid; vapors may ignite and cause flash fires.
- Extinguishing Media: Use foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or water spray.
- Special Precautions: Firefighters should wear full protective gear and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Cool containers exposed to fire with water spray.
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