Bromelain
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Bromelain is a natural mixture of proteolytic enzymes derived primarily from the stem and fruit of the pineapple plant (Ananas comosus). It appears as a pale yellow to off-white powder with a characteristic mild odor and is water-soluble. Bromelain exhibits protease activity, breaking down proteins into peptides and amino acids, making it valuable in medical, food, and industrial applications. It is widely used as an anti-inflammatory agent, digestive aid, meat tenderizer, and in cosmetic formulations due to its enzymatic and therapeutic properties.
Categories: Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs), Enzymes, Nutraceutical Ingredients (food), Nutraceutical Ingredients (pharmaceutical)
Tags: Anti-inflammatory agent, Dietary supplement ingredient, Meat tenderizer, Natural enzyme extract, Pharmaceutical enzyme, Pineapple enzyme, Plant-based enzyme
Description
Primary UsesÂ
- Pharmaceuticals & Therapeutics
- Used as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent to reduce swelling and pain associated with injuries, surgeries, and osteoarthritis.
- Incorporated in digestive enzyme supplements to aid protein digestion and support gastrointestinal health.
- Utilized to improve wound healing and reduce tissue inflammation.
- Food Industry
- Used as a meat tenderizer due to its ability to hydrolyze tough protein fibers.
- Added to brewing and baking processes to improve clarity and texture by breaking down proteins.
- Cosmetics & Personal Care
- Included in exfoliating and skin care products for its ability to gently remove dead skin cells and improve skin texture.
- Used in formulations aimed at reducing inflammation and promoting skin healing.
- Industrial Applications
- Employed in the production of protein hydrolysates and flavor enhancers.
- Used in textile and leather industries for dehairing and softening.
Secondary UsesÂ
- Oral Care
- Incorporated in some dental products for plaque reduction and gum inflammation control.
- Veterinary Medicine
- Used as a digestive aid and anti-inflammatory agent in animals.
- Research & Biotechnology
- Utilized as a biochemical tool for protein digestion and cell dissociation in laboratory settings.
PRODUCT KEY FEATURES
 Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): Protease enzyme from Ananas comosus
- Common/Trade Name: Bromelain
- CAS Number: 9001-00-7 (commercial enzyme preparation)
- HS Code: 3507.90.00
- Molecular Formula: Mixture of proteolytic enzymes (variable)
- Synonyms:
- Pineapple protease
- Ananas protease
- Stem bromelain
2. Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: Powder or granules
- Color & Odor: Pale yellow to off-white; mild characteristic odor
- Melting Point: Not applicable (enzyme denatures at ~50-60°C)
- Boiling Point: Not applicable
- Density: Varies, typically low bulk density (~0.3-0.6 g/cm³)
- Solubility: Soluble in water; insoluble in organic solvents
- pH Range: Active in pH 4.0–9.0; optimum activity around pH 6.0–7.0
- Temperature Stability: Active up to ~50°C; denatures at higher temperatures
- Stability: Sensitive to heat, extreme pH, and protease inhibitors
3. Safety & Hazard Attributes
- Hazard Class (GHS): Not classified as hazardous but may cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals
- NFPA Ratings:
- Health: 1 (mild irritant)
- Flammability: 0
- Reactivity: 0
- Exposure Limits: No specific OSHA/ACGIH limits; avoid inhalation of dust
- Toxicity: Low toxicity; potential allergen
- Reactivity: Enzymatic activity can be inhibited by specific chemicals and temperature extremes
4. Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry place, preferably refrigerated (2–8°C) to maintain enzyme activity
- Container Type: Airtight, moisture-proof containers (e.g., vacuum-sealed bags or HDPE jars)
- Shelf Life: Typically 1–2 years under proper storage conditions
- Special Handling: Avoid moisture and heat exposure; use PPE to avoid respiratory sensitization
5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- FDA Status: Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in food and supplements
- Pharmacopoeia Compliance: Included in some pharmacopeias for enzyme preparations
- Transportation: Not classified as hazardous
- Waste Disposal: Non-hazardous; dispose of according to local regulations
6. Environmental & Health Impact
- Ecotoxicity: Low; biodegradable enzyme protein
- Persistence: Biodegrades naturally in the environment
- Bioaccumulation: Not expected to bioaccumulate
- Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic or mutagenic
- Biodegradability: Readily biodegradable
SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS
Safety Handling Precautions
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
- Gloves
- Protective goggles
- Dust mask or respirator (to prevent inhalation of powder)
- Lab coat or protective clothing
Handling Measures:
- Avoid inhalation of dust
- Handle in well-ventilated areas
- Prevent moisture contact to preserve enzyme activity
Storage Measures:
- Keep container tightly closed
- Protect from heat and humidity
Hygiene Practices:
- Wash hands thoroughly after handling
- Do not eat, drink, or smoke during handling
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical advice if respiratory irritation or allergic symptoms develop
- Skin Contact: Wash affected area with soap and water; seek medical attention if irritation occurs
- Eye Contact: Rinse eyes thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes; seek medical attention if irritation persists
- Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water; seek medical attention if large quantities ingested or symptoms occur
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Non-flammable
- Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, dry chemical, or COâ‚‚ as appropriate for surrounding fire
- Special Precautions: Firefighters should wear protective gear; bromelain itself does not pose fire hazard
- Decomposition Products: May emit nitrogen oxides or other organic compounds if exposed to extreme heat
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