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L-Glutathione Reduced
L-Glutathione Reduced is a tripeptide composed of glutamine, cysteine, and glycine, present in cells as a vital antioxidant. It appears as a white to off-white crystalline powder and plays a key role in protecting cells from oxidative stress by neutralizing free radicals and reactive oxygen species. Reduced glutathione (GSH) is the active form that participates in cellular detoxification, immune support, and regeneration of other antioxidants. It is widely used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries due to its potent antioxidant properties and skin-brightening effects.
L-Glutathione Reduced
Primary Uses
- Pharmaceutical Industry
- Antioxidant Supplement: Used in oral and injectable formulations to support detoxification in liver diseases, protect against oxidative damage, and improve immune function.
- Therapeutic Agent: Employed in treatments for conditions like Parkinson’s disease, cystic fibrosis, and certain cancers due to its role in cellular protection and regeneration.
- Cosmetic Industry
- Skin Whitening Agent: Incorporated in creams, serums, and lotions to reduce melanin synthesis and promote even skin tone by inhibiting tyrosinase enzyme activity.
- Anti-Aging: Helps combat oxidative stress in skin cells, improving skin elasticity and reducing wrinkles.
- Detoxification: Aids in removing toxins from skin cells, enhancing overall skin health and radiance.
- Food and Nutraceuticals
- Dietary Supplement: Added to health supplements to boost the body’s antioxidant defenses and support overall wellness.
- Food Additive: Used as a preservative to prevent oxidation and extend shelf life of sensitive food products.
Secondary Uses
- Biotechnology and Research
- Cell Culture: Used as a supplement in cell culture media to maintain cellular redox balance and improve cell viability.
- Diagnostic Kits: Utilized in assays measuring oxidative stress and glutathione levels in biological samples.
- Veterinary Medicine
- Supplement in animal feeds and treatments to improve immunity and reduce oxidative stress in livestock and pets.
- Industrial Applications
- Incorporated in anti-corrosion coatings and stabilizers where antioxidant properties help prolong material lifespan.
1. Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): (2S)-2-Amino-4-{[(1R)-1-[(carboxymethyl)amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino}-4-oxobutanoic acid
- Common/Trade Name: L-Glutathione Reduced; GSH
- CAS Number: 70-18-8
- HS Code: 2934.99.90
- Synonyms: Reduced glutathione; GSH; L-γ-Glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine
2. Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: Crystalline powder
- Color & Odor: White to off-white; odorless or faint sulfur-like smell
- Melting Point: ~200 °C (decomposes)
- Solubility: Soluble in water; slightly soluble in alcohol
- Stability: Sensitive to air, light, and heat; prone to oxidation
3. Safety & Hazard Attributes
- GHS Classification: Not classified as hazardous under normal use
- Toxicity: Low toxicity; generally regarded as safe for human consumption and topical use
- Exposure Limits: No established occupational exposure limits
4. Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in airtight containers, protected from light and moisture, preferably refrigerated
- Container Type: Sealed, opaque containers to minimize oxidation
- Shelf Life: Typically 1-2 years under proper storage conditions
- Handling Precautions: Avoid prolonged exposure to air and light; handle with gloves to prevent contamination
5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- Approved for use in cosmetics and dietary supplements by FDA and other regulatory agencies
- Complies with pharmaceutical grade purity standards when used in medicinal products
- Labeling must indicate antioxidant properties and potential allergen information where applicable
6. Environmental & Health Impact
- Biodegradability: Biodegradable and environmentally safe
- Ecotoxicity: Low ecotoxicity
- Bioaccumulation: Not expected to bioaccumulate
- Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic or mutagenic
Safety Handling Precautions
- PPE Required: Gloves recommended during handling to avoid contamination
- Handling Guidelines: Use in well-ventilated areas; avoid inhalation of dust
- Storage Measures: Keep containers tightly closed, store in cool, dark place
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air if inhalation causes irritation
- Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water if irritation occurs
- Eye Contact: Rinse eyes with water for 15 minutes; seek medical attention if irritation persists
- Ingestion: Generally safe; seek medical attention if large amounts ingested and adverse effects occur
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Non-flammable
- Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, or dry chemical extinguishers for surrounding fires
- Special Precautions: Avoid inhaling combustion products
- Hazardous Combustion Products: May produce carbon oxides and sulfur-containing compounds
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