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Calcium Hydroxide Hydrated lime
Calcium Hydroxide Hydrated lime or Slaked Lime, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ca(OH)₂. It appears as a white, odorless, powder or crystalline solid. It is produced by treating quicklime (calcium oxide) with water in a process called slaking. Calcium Hydroxide is moderately soluble in water, forming a strongly alkaline solution known as limewater. It is widely used in construction, environmental, chemical, agricultural, and water treatment applications due to its caustic, neutralizing, and flocculating properties.
Description
Calcium Hydroxide Hydrated lime Uses
Primary Uses
- Construction & Building Materials
- Used as a key ingredient in mortar, plaster, and cement for masonry and plastering works.
- Acts as a stabilizing agent in soil stabilization and road construction.
- Water Treatment
- Employed to raise pH and neutralize acidic water in municipal and industrial water treatment plants.
- Used as a flocculant to remove impurities and heavy metals from wastewater.
- Chemical Industry
- Utilized as a neutralizing agent in chemical processes and as a raw material for calcium salts production.
- Used in the manufacture of bleaching powder and other calcium compounds.
- Agriculture
- Applied to adjust soil pH (liming) to improve fertility and reduce soil acidity.
- Used as a pesticide and fungicide to control pests and diseases in crops.
Secondary Uses
- Food Industry
- Used in food processing as a firming agent, for example, in pickling and in the production of certain sugar syrups.
- Environmental Applications
- Applied in flue gas desulfurization to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions from power plants.
- Leather Industry
- Utilized in the tanning process for removing hair and impurities from hides.
KEY ATTRIBUTES
1. Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): Calcium hydroxide
- Common/Trade Name: Calcium Hydroxide, Hydrated Lime, Slaked Lime
- CAS Number: 1305-62-0
- HS Code: 2825.90.00
- Molecular Formula: Ca(OH)₂
- Synonyms:
- Slaked lime
- Hydrated lime
- Calcium dihydroxide
- Lime hydrate
2. Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: Fine powder or crystalline solid
- Color & Odor: White; odorless
- Melting Point: Decomposes at ~580°C (releases water and forms calcium oxide)
- Boiling Point: Not applicable (decomposes)
- Density: Approx. 2.2 g/cm³ (powder bulk density varies)
- Solubility: Slightly soluble in water (about 1.73 g/L at 20°C), producing a strongly alkaline solution (pH ~12.4)
- pH: Strongly alkaline (in aqueous suspension)
- Stability: Stable under normal conditions; reacts with acids and carbon dioxide
3. Safety & Hazard Attributes
- Hazard Class (GHS): Corrosive (Skin and eye irritant)
- NFPA Ratings:
- Health: 3
- Flammability: 0
- Reactivity: 1
- Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL: 5 mg/m³ (respirable dust), 15 mg/m³ (total dust)
- Toxicity: Irritant to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract; ingestion of large amounts can cause severe irritation
- Reactivity: Reacts vigorously with acids; reacts with carbon dioxide forming calcium carbonate
4. Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from moisture and acids
- Container Type: Airtight, moisture-resistant containers such as HDPE bags or drums
- Shelf Life: Stable for several years if stored properly
- Special Handling: Use PPE; avoid dust inhalation and contact with skin/eyes
5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- FDA Status: Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for specific food applications
- Pharmacopoeia Compliance: Listed in USP and BP as a reagent and pharmaceutical excipient
- Transportation: Not classified as hazardous under most regulations but handle as irritant material
- Waste Disposal: Dispose according to local environmental regulations; neutralize before disposal
6. Environmental & Health Impact
- Ecotoxicity: Low to moderate; high pH in water can harm aquatic life if released in large quantities
- Persistence: Inorganic mineral; does not biodegrade
- Bioaccumulation: Not expected to bioaccumulate
- Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic or mutagenic
- Biodegradability: Not biodegradable
SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS
Safety Handling Precautions
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
- Protective gloves
- Safety goggles or face shield
- Dust mask or respirator (for powder handling)
- Protective clothing
Handling Measures:
- Avoid generating dust
- Handle in well-ventilated areas
- Prevent skin and eye contact
Storage Measures:
- Keep containers tightly closed
- Store away from moisture and acids
Hygiene Practices:
- Wash hands and exposed skin thoroughly after handling
- Do not eat, drink, or smoke during handling
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air immediately; seek medical attention if breathing difficulty occurs
- Skin Contact: Rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes; remove contaminated clothing; seek medical attention if irritation persists
- Eye Contact: Rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes; seek urgent medical care
- Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; rinse mouth and seek immediate medical attention
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Non-flammable but may react with water or acids producing heat
- Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, dry chemical, foam, or CO₂ for surrounding fire
- Special Precautions: Firefighters should wear full protective gear and SCBA
- Decomposition Products: May release calcium oxide and hydroxide vapors under extreme heat
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Acetic Acid Technical Grade
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Ammonia solutions
Ammonia solutions, often referred to as aqueous ammonia or ammonium hydroxide, are clear, colorless liquids consisting of ammonia gas dissolved in water. The concentration of ammonia in these solutions typically ranges from 5% to 35% by weight. Ammonia solutions possess a pungent odor characteristic of ammonia gas and are alkaline with a pH typically between 11 and 12.5. This solution is widely used across various industries due to its excellent cleaning properties, reactivity, and role as a nitrogen source.
Bating agent
Bating Agent is a biochemical preparation used primarily in the leather processing industry during the bating stage, which follows liming and deliming. It consists mainly of proteolytic enzymes (such as pancreatin, trypsin, or subtilisin) that break down non-collagenous proteins, hair residues, and unwanted tissue from hides and skins. This enzymatic treatment softens the leather, improves its texture and pliability, and prepares it for tanning. The bating process enhances the quality, uniformity, and appearance of the final leather product
Borax Pentahydrate
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Diethanolamine
Diethanolamine is a colorless to pale yellow, viscous liquid with a mild ammonia-like odor. It is a secondary amine and diol, widely used in various industrial, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications. DEA is highly soluble in water and many organic solvents. It acts as an intermediate in the synthesis of surfactants, emulsifiers, corrosion inhibitors, and pharmaceuticals. It is valued for its alkalinity, emulsifying properties, and ability to form stable complexes with fatty acids.
Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate Dihydrate
Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate Dihydrate is the hydrated form of disodium hydrogen phosphate, a white crystalline powder commonly used as a buffering agent, emulsifier, and sequestrant. The dihydrate form contains two water molecules per formula unit, which affects its physical properties such as melting point and solubility. It is widely applied in food, pharmaceutical, water treatment, and industrial processes to maintain pH stability, improve texture, and supply essential sodium and phosphate ions.
EDTA Tetrasodium Salt
EDTA Tetrasodium Salt (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid tetrasodium salt) is a highly water-soluble chelating agent widely used to bind and sequester metal ions such as calcium, magnesium, iron, and heavy metals. It is the fully neutralized, alkaline form of EDTA, typically supplied as a white granular or powder form. This salt exhibits excellent chelating efficiency at neutral to alkaline pH levels, making it a critical additive in numerous industrial, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, agricultural, and water treatment applications. Its ability to prevent metal-induced degradation and enhance formulation stability makes it invaluable in many sectors.
Ferric Chloride Anhydrous
Ferric Chloride Anhydrous (FeCl₃) is a dark brown to black crystalline solid with a metallic luster. It is a highly corrosive, hygroscopic inorganic salt widely used as a chemical reagent, catalyst, and coagulant. In its anhydrous form, ferric chloride is free of water and has a high purity of approximately 98%. It readily dissolves in water, releasing heat and producing acidic solutions. Ferric chloride is valued for its strong Lewis acid properties, making it effective in a variety of industrial, laboratory, and environmental applications. It is commonly supplied as a solid crystalline powder or lumps and should be handled with care due to its corrosive nature.
