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Calcium Hydroxide (Hydrated Lime)
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Calcium Hydroxide, commonly known as Hydrated Lime or Slaked Lime, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ca(OH)₂. It appears as a white, odorless, powder or crystalline solid. It is produced by treating quicklime (calcium oxide) with water in a process called slaking. Calcium Hydroxide is moderately soluble in water, forming a strongly alkaline solution known as limewater. It is widely used in construction, environmental, chemical, agricultural, and water treatment applications due to its caustic, neutralizing, and flocculating properties.
Description
Primary Uses
- Construction & Building Materials
- Used as a key ingredient in mortar, plaster, and cement for masonry and plastering works.
- Acts as a stabilizing agent in soil stabilization and road construction.
- Water Treatment
- Employed to raise pH and neutralize acidic water in municipal and industrial water treatment plants.
- Used as a flocculant to remove impurities and heavy metals from wastewater.
- Chemical Industry
- Utilized as a neutralizing agent in chemical processes and as a raw material for calcium salts production.
- Used in the manufacture of bleaching powder and other calcium compounds.
- Agriculture
- Applied to adjust soil pH (liming) to improve fertility and reduce soil acidity.
- Used as a pesticide and fungicide to control pests and diseases in crops.
Secondary Uses
- Food Industry
- Used in food processing as a firming agent, for example, in pickling and in the production of certain sugar syrups.
- Environmental Applications
- Applied in flue gas desulfurization to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions from power plants.
- Leather Industry
- Utilized in the tanning process for removing hair and impurities from hides.
PRODUCT KEY FEATURES
Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): Calcium hydroxide
- Common/Trade Name: Calcium Hydroxide, Hydrated Lime, Slaked Lime
- CAS Number: 1305-62-0
- HS Code: 2825.90.00
- Molecular Formula: Ca(OH)₂
- Synonyms:
- Slaked lime
- Hydrated lime
- Calcium dihydroxide
- Lime hydrate
2. Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: Fine powder or crystalline solid
- Color & Odor: White; odorless
- Melting Point: Decomposes at ~580°C (releases water and forms calcium oxide)
- Boiling Point: Not applicable (decomposes)
- Density: Approx. 2.2 g/cm³ (powder bulk density varies)
- Solubility: Slightly soluble in water (about 1.73 g/L at 20°C), producing a strongly alkaline solution (pH ~12.4)
- pH: Strongly alkaline (in aqueous suspension)
- Stability: Stable under normal conditions; reacts with acids and carbon dioxide
3. Safety & Hazard Attributes
- Hazard Class (GHS): Corrosive (Skin and eye irritant)
- NFPA Ratings:
- Health: 3
- Flammability: 0
- Reactivity: 1
- Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL: 5 mg/m³ (respirable dust), 15 mg/m³ (total dust)
- Toxicity: Irritant to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract; ingestion of large amounts can cause severe irritation
- Reactivity: Reacts vigorously with acids; reacts with carbon dioxide forming calcium carbonate
4. Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from moisture and acids
- Container Type: Airtight, moisture-resistant containers such as HDPE bags or drums
- Shelf Life: Stable for several years if stored properly
- Special Handling: Use PPE; avoid dust inhalation and contact with skin/eyes
5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- FDA Status: Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for specific food applications
- Pharmacopoeia Compliance: Listed in USP and BP as a reagent and pharmaceutical excipient
- Transportation: Not classified as hazardous under most regulations but handle as irritant material
- Waste Disposal: Dispose according to local environmental regulations; neutralize before disposal
6. Environmental & Health Impact
- Ecotoxicity: Low to moderate; high pH in water can harm aquatic life if released in large quantities
- Persistence: Inorganic mineral; does not biodegrade
- Bioaccumulation: Not expected to bioaccumulate
- Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic or mutagenic
- Biodegradability: Not biodegradable
SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
- Protective gloves
- Safety goggles or face shield
- Dust mask or respirator (for powder handling)
- Protective clothing
Handling Measures:
- Avoid generating dust
- Handle in well-ventilated areas
- Prevent skin and eye contact
Storage Measures:
- Keep containers tightly closed
- Store away from moisture and acids
Hygiene Practices:
- Wash hands and exposed skin thoroughly after handling
- Do not eat, drink, or smoke during handling
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air immediately; seek medical attention if breathing difficulty occurs
- Skin Contact: Rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes; remove contaminated clothing; seek medical attention if irritation persists
- Eye Contact: Rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes; seek urgent medical care
- Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; rinse mouth and seek immediate medical attention
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Non-flammable but may react with water or acids producing heat
- Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, dry chemical, foam, or CO₂ for surrounding fire
- Special Precautions: Firefighters should wear full protective gear and SCBA
- Decomposition Products: May release calcium oxide and hydroxide vapors under extreme heat
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