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D-Limonene Oil
D-Limonene Oil is a naturally occurring monoterpene hydrocarbon extracted primarily from the rinds of citrus fruits, especially oranges and lemons. It is obtained through cold pressing or steam distillation of citrus peels and purified through fractional distillation. Known for its fresh, sweet, and zesty orange-like aroma, D-Limonene is widely used across multiple industries for its solvent properties, fragrance, and therapeutic benefits.
This oil is valued for its degreasing power, anti-inflammatory effects, and uplifting scent. It plays a vital role in cosmetics, cleaning formulations, pharmaceuticals, and food products, either as a solvent, active ingredient, or fragrance compound.
D-Limonene Oil
Primary Uses
- Cosmetics and Personal Care
- Used in perfumes, deodorants, and lotions for a clean, citrusy fragrance
- Included in cleansing oils and facial products as a natural solvent and fragrance enhancer
- Added to shampoos and conditioners for its refreshing scent and clarifying properties
- Employed in soaps and body washes for degreasing and scenting purposes
- Used in skin creams and ointments for its mild anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties
- Acts as a natural penetration enhancer in transdermal formulations
- Pharmaceuticals
- Used in medicated creams and ointments for its anti-inflammatory effects
- Incorporated in respiratory blends and inhalers for its expectorant and bronchodilating action
- Employed in digestive supplements to relieve bloating and indigestion
- Used in drug delivery systems as a natural solvent or carrier
- Food and Beverage Industry
- Used as a flavoring agent in soft drinks, candies, baked goods, and chewing gums
- Added to beverages and food extracts for a zesty citrus flavor (must be food-grade)
- Included in natural food preservatives for antimicrobial properties
- Aromatherapy & Wellness
- Diffused to elevate mood and reduce stress or anxiety
- Blended in energy-boosting and focus-enhancing essential oil mixtures
- Used in detoxifying massage oils and lymphatic drainage blends
- Household and Cleaning Products
- Used as a natural degreasing agent in surface cleaners and dishwashing liquids
- Added to air fresheners and fabric sprays for odor elimination
- Incorporated in floor and bathroom cleaners for its antimicrobial and solvent properties
- Employed in insect repellents and pest control sprays
Secondary Uses
- Industrial and Specialty Applications
- Used as a biodegradable solvent in industrial degreasers and adhesives
- Employed in paint strippers and resin removers for its non-toxic, citrus-based solvent action
- Acts as a carrier or dispersing agent in eco-friendly formulations
- Pet Care Products
- Occasionally used in pet-safe cleaning sprays (in very low concentrations and with caution)
- Employed in natural flea and tick repellents (vet guidance recommended)
1. Basic Identification Attributes
- Botanical Source: Citrus sinensis / Citrus limon
- Common/Trade Name: D-Limonene Oil
- INCI Name: Limonene
- CAS Number: 5989-27-5
- HS Code: 2905.22
- Synonyms: Citrus Terpene, Orange Terpene Oil, Limonene
2. Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: Liquid
- Color & Odor: Colorless to pale yellow; fresh citrusy aroma
- Solubility: Insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol, oils, and most organic solvents
- Refractive Index: 1.470 – 1.480
- Specific Gravity: 0.840 – 0.850
- Main Components: d-Limonene (>90%), trace myrcene, α-pinene
3. Safety & Hazard Attributes
- GHS Classification: Flammable liquid; skin and eye irritant
- Toxicity: Low toxicity when properly diluted; avoid direct skin application in concentrated form
- Exposure Limits: Follow SDS guidelines for occupational exposure
- Allergen Information: Contains limonene, a known skin sensitizer
4. Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry place away from sunlight and ignition sources
- Container Type: Amber glass, stainless steel, or aluminum containers
- Shelf Life: 24 to 36 months under optimal storage
- Handling Precautions: Use gloves and proper ventilation when handling large volumes
5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- Compliant with IFRA for fragrance use
- Food-grade varieties must meet FEMA GRAS and FDA guidelines
- Approved for cosmetic, food, and cleaning product use under regulatory limits
- Manufactured in GMP-compliant facilities
6. Environmental & Health Impact
- Biodegradability: Rapidly biodegradable in environmental conditions
- Ecotoxicity: Moderate toxicity to aquatic organisms at high concentrations
- Bioaccumulation: Low potential for bioaccumulation
Safety Handling Precautions
- PPE Required: Gloves, goggles, and appropriate ventilation
- Handling Guidelines: Avoid static discharge; use in ventilated areas
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms occur
- Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water; discontinue use if irritation develops
- Eye Contact: Flush eyes with water for at least 15 minutes
- Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; seek immediate medical attention
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Flammable liquid and vapor
- Extinguishing Media: CO₂, dry chemical, foam
- Special Precautions: Use full protective gear and breathing apparatus
- Hazardous Combustion Products: Carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide
Related products
Almond Bitter Oil
Almond Bitter Oil, derived from the kernels of bitter almonds (Prunus amygdalus var. amara), is an essential oil known for its sharp, nutty, and marzipan-like aroma. This oil is produced through steam distillation of crushed bitter almond kernels and contains a naturally occurring compound called benzaldehyde, which gives it its characteristic scent. In purified form (free of hydrogen cyanide), bitter almond oil is used in fragrance, flavoring, and pharmaceutical applications.
Due to its potent aroma and biochemical properties, it is widely used in perfumery, baked goods flavoring (in controlled quantities), aromatherapy, and traditional topical remedies. It is important to distinguish between natural bitter almond oil, which must be detoxified, and synthetic benzaldehyde, which is commonly used as a substitute in commercial formulations.
Ambrette Seed Oil
Ambrette Seed Oil is a rare, aromatic essential oil derived from the seeds of the Abelmoschus moschatus plant. Known for its rich, musky, slightly sweet, and floral scent, Ambrette Seed Oil is often considered a botanical alternative to animal-derived musk. It is widely prized in high-end perfumery, natural cosmetic formulations, and aromatherapy for its warm, sensual, and long-lasting aroma.
This oil is rich in ambrettolide and farnesol, compounds that lend it a delicate musky note without the synthetic harshness of artificial musks. Ambrette Seed Oil is non-toxic and safe for topical use when diluted, making it ideal for fine fragrances, massage oils, and therapeutic blends.
Calamus Oil
Calamus Oil is a warm, spicy-aromatic essential oil obtained through steam distillation of the dried roots (rhizomes) of Acorus calamus, commonly known as sweet flag. This highly fragrant oil carries an earthy, woody, and slightly peppery scent with a leathery undertone. Traditionally valued in Ayurvedic and Unani medicine systems, Calamus Oil has found applications in perfumery, hair care, aromatherapy, and natural health preparations due to its stimulating, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties.
While effective in small external doses, Calamus Oil must be used with caution as it contains β-asarone, a compound restricted in internal use due to potential toxicity. It remains widely used in external formulations like massage oils, hair tonics, and perfumes.
Calmintha Oil
Calmintha Oil is an aromatic essential oil derived through steam distillation of the aerial parts of Calamintha nepeta or closely related species within the Calamintha genus. Also known as lesser calamint, Calmintha is a herbaceous plant known for its minty, slightly camphoraceous fragrance with subtle floral undertones. The oil is rich in compounds such as pulegone, menthone, and isomenthone, which contribute to its invigorating, clarifying, and antimicrobial properties.
Used in traditional herbal medicine, perfumery, and aromatherapy, Calmintha Oil offers refreshing aromatic effects and is frequently utilized in respiratory blends, skin formulations, and natural cleaning products. Due to its high pulegone content, topical use should be limited and well-diluted.
Cassia Oil
Cassia Oil is a potent essential oil steam-distilled from the bark of Cinnamomum cassia, commonly known as Chinese cinnamon. It carries a strong, spicy, and warm aroma similar to true cinnamon but is more pungent and intense. Its reddish-brown to yellow appearance and high cinnamaldehyde content give it powerful antimicrobial, antifungal, and warming properties. Cassia Oil is used across various industries including food flavoring, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, aromatherapy, and household products. Due to its strength, it is typically used in diluted concentrations.
Cedar Leaf Oil
Cedar Leaf Oil is a potent essential oil steam-distilled from the leaves and twigs of the Thuja occidentalis tree, also known as Northern White Cedar or Arborvitae. It has a sharp, camphoraceous, and woody aroma, largely due to its high thujone content. This oil is known for its antifungal, antiseptic, and insect-repellent qualities, making it a popular component in cosmetics, aromatherapy, natural cleaning products, and insecticides. It also plays a role in herbal and wellness applications when used topically and in moderation due to its potency.
Menthol crystals
Menthol Crystals are natural organic compounds derived from peppermint or other mint oils, presenting as clear or white crystalline solids with a strong, cooling mint aroma. They possess analgesic, antiseptic, and flavoring properties. Widely used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food, and personal care products, menthol crystals provide a refreshing cooling sensation and fragrance, enhancing product efficacy and consumer appeal.
Michelia Flower Oil
Michelia Flower Oil is an essential oil extracted through steam distillation or solvent extraction from the flowers of Michelia species (e.g., Michelia champaca, Michelia alba). Known for its rich, floral, and slightly fruity aroma, it is widely used in perfumery, aromatherapy, and traditional medicine. The oil is prized for its therapeutic properties and as a natural fragrance ingredient.
