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D-Limonene Oil
D-Limonene Oil is a naturally occurring monoterpene hydrocarbon extracted primarily from the rinds of citrus fruits, especially oranges and lemons. It is obtained through cold pressing or steam distillation of citrus peels and purified through fractional distillation. Known for its fresh, sweet, and zesty orange-like aroma, D-Limonene is widely used across multiple industries for its solvent properties, fragrance, and therapeutic benefits.
This oil is valued for its degreasing power, anti-inflammatory effects, and uplifting scent. It plays a vital role in cosmetics, cleaning formulations, pharmaceuticals, and food products, either as a solvent, active ingredient, or fragrance compound.
D-Limonene Oil
Primary Uses
- Cosmetics and Personal Care
- Used in perfumes, deodorants, and lotions for a clean, citrusy fragrance
- Included in cleansing oils and facial products as a natural solvent and fragrance enhancer
- Added to shampoos and conditioners for its refreshing scent and clarifying properties
- Employed in soaps and body washes for degreasing and scenting purposes
- Used in skin creams and ointments for its mild anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties
- Acts as a natural penetration enhancer in transdermal formulations
- Pharmaceuticals
- Used in medicated creams and ointments for its anti-inflammatory effects
- Incorporated in respiratory blends and inhalers for its expectorant and bronchodilating action
- Employed in digestive supplements to relieve bloating and indigestion
- Used in drug delivery systems as a natural solvent or carrier
- Food and Beverage Industry
- Used as a flavoring agent in soft drinks, candies, baked goods, and chewing gums
- Added to beverages and food extracts for a zesty citrus flavor (must be food-grade)
- Included in natural food preservatives for antimicrobial properties
- Aromatherapy & Wellness
- Diffused to elevate mood and reduce stress or anxiety
- Blended in energy-boosting and focus-enhancing essential oil mixtures
- Used in detoxifying massage oils and lymphatic drainage blends
- Household and Cleaning Products
- Used as a natural degreasing agent in surface cleaners and dishwashing liquids
- Added to air fresheners and fabric sprays for odor elimination
- Incorporated in floor and bathroom cleaners for its antimicrobial and solvent properties
- Employed in insect repellents and pest control sprays
Secondary Uses
- Industrial and Specialty Applications
- Used as a biodegradable solvent in industrial degreasers and adhesives
- Employed in paint strippers and resin removers for its non-toxic, citrus-based solvent action
- Acts as a carrier or dispersing agent in eco-friendly formulations
- Pet Care Products
- Occasionally used in pet-safe cleaning sprays (in very low concentrations and with caution)
- Employed in natural flea and tick repellents (vet guidance recommended)
1. Basic Identification Attributes
- Botanical Source: Citrus sinensis / Citrus limon
- Common/Trade Name: D-Limonene Oil
- INCI Name: Limonene
- CAS Number: 5989-27-5
- HS Code: 2905.22
- Synonyms: Citrus Terpene, Orange Terpene Oil, Limonene
2. Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: Liquid
- Color & Odor: Colorless to pale yellow; fresh citrusy aroma
- Solubility: Insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol, oils, and most organic solvents
- Refractive Index: 1.470 – 1.480
- Specific Gravity: 0.840 – 0.850
- Main Components: d-Limonene (>90%), trace myrcene, α-pinene
3. Safety & Hazard Attributes
- GHS Classification: Flammable liquid; skin and eye irritant
- Toxicity: Low toxicity when properly diluted; avoid direct skin application in concentrated form
- Exposure Limits: Follow SDS guidelines for occupational exposure
- Allergen Information: Contains limonene, a known skin sensitizer
4. Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry place away from sunlight and ignition sources
- Container Type: Amber glass, stainless steel, or aluminum containers
- Shelf Life: 24 to 36 months under optimal storage
- Handling Precautions: Use gloves and proper ventilation when handling large volumes
5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- Compliant with IFRA for fragrance use
- Food-grade varieties must meet FEMA GRAS and FDA guidelines
- Approved for cosmetic, food, and cleaning product use under regulatory limits
- Manufactured in GMP-compliant facilities
6. Environmental & Health Impact
- Biodegradability: Rapidly biodegradable in environmental conditions
- Ecotoxicity: Moderate toxicity to aquatic organisms at high concentrations
- Bioaccumulation: Low potential for bioaccumulation
Safety Handling Precautions
- PPE Required: Gloves, goggles, and appropriate ventilation
- Handling Guidelines: Avoid static discharge; use in ventilated areas
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms occur
- Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water; discontinue use if irritation develops
- Eye Contact: Flush eyes with water for at least 15 minutes
- Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; seek immediate medical attention
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Flammable liquid and vapor
- Extinguishing Media: CO₂, dry chemical, foam
- Special Precautions: Use full protective gear and breathing apparatus
- Hazardous Combustion Products: Carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide
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