Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide

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Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide (Dextromethorphan HBr) is a synthetic derivative of morphinan and a widely used antitussive agent that suppresses cough reflex. It acts centrally on the cough center in the medulla without causing typical opioid side effects such as analgesia or dependence. It is commonly formulated in syrups, tablets, lozenges, and combination cold and flu medications. Due to its rapid onset, good oral bioavailability, and well-tolerated safety profile, Dextromethorphan HBr is a preferred active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in cough suppressant products worldwide.

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Category: Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) Tags: Cough Suppressant, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide, Pharmaceutical ingredient, Pharmaceutical Raw Material

Description

Table of Contents

Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide (Dextromethorphan HBr)

Primary Uses

Pharmaceutical Cough Suppressants

Used as an effective antitussive agent in over-the-counter and prescription medications to relieve dry, non-productive coughs.
Incorporated into syrup, capsule, tablet, lozenge, and inhalation formulations.
Employed in combination with decongestants, antihistamines, or expectorants to treat multi-symptom cold and flu products.

Neurological Research

Investigated for its NMDA receptor antagonist activity with potential applications in neuroprotection and psychiatric disorders research.

Pediatric Formulations

Included in pediatric cold and cough syrups at appropriate dosing for symptomatic relief in children (dosage strictly controlled).

Secondary Uses

Potential Off-label Research

Explored experimentally for effects on neuropathic pain and other CNS conditions.

Recreational Substance (Illicit Use Concern)

Known for abuse potential at high doses causing dissociative and psychoactive effects; regulated accordingly.

KEY PRODUCT FEATURES

1. Basic Identification Attributes

Chemical Name (IUPAC): (–)-3-Methoxy-17-methylmorphinan hydrobromide
Common/Trade Name: Dextromethorphan HBr
CAS Number: 125-71-3
HS Code: 2939.99.99
Molecular Formula: C18H25NO · HBr
Synonyms:
- Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide
- Dextromethorphan Bromide Salt
- Dextromethorphan HBr
- Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide USP
- Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide Monohydrate (if hydrated)

2. Physical & Chemical Properties

Physical State: White or off-white crystalline powder
Solubility: Freely soluble in water and ethanol
Melting Point: Approximately 171–174°C
pH (1% aqueous solution): Neutral to slightly acidic
Stability: Stable under normal storage; sensitive to strong oxidizers and light degradation
Molecular Weight: 335.31 g/mol (anhydrous)
Appearance: Fine crystalline powder

3. Safety & Hazard Attributes

Hazard Class (GHS): Generally low hazard; handle as pharmaceutical-grade compound
Toxicity: Low to moderate oral toxicity; high doses may cause CNS effects and toxicity
Irritation: May cause mild skin or eye irritation; avoid inhalation of dust
Abuse Potential: Controlled substance in many jurisdictions due to abuse potential at high doses

4. Storage & Handling Attributes

Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, dark place, preferably 15–25°C
Container Type: Airtight, moisture-proof containers such as glass or HDPE bottles
Shelf Life: Typically 2–3 years if stored properly
Handling Precautions: Use PPE to avoid dust inhalation and skin/eye contact; handle in well-ventilated areas

5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes

Regulatory Status: Approved as an antitussive agent by FDA, EMA, and other global regulatory bodies
Pharmacopoeia Standards: USP, EP grades available
Controlled Substance: Regulated in many countries due to abuse potential; restrictions on sales and distribution
Transportation: Non-hazardous under standard transport regulations but subject to controlled substance rules in some regions

6. Environmental & Health Impact

Biodegradability: Limited data; expected to degrade under normal environmental conditions
Ecotoxicity: Not well documented; precaution advised in disposal
Bioaccumulation: Not expected
Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: No evidence of carcinogenic or mutagenic effects

SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS

Safety Handling Precautions

PPE Required:
- Dust mask or respirator during powder handling
- Safety goggles
- Gloves (nitrile or latex)
- Lab coat or protective clothing
Handling Guidelines:
- Minimize dust generation
- Avoid inhalation and direct contact with skin or eyes
- Use in well-ventilated areas or fume hoods if handling large quantities
Storage Measures:
- Keep containers tightly closed and dry
- Protect from light and moisture
Hygiene Practices:
- No eating, drinking, or smoking during handling
- Wash hands thoroughly after handling

First Aid Measures

Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if respiratory irritation or distress occurs
Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water; seek medical advice if irritation persists
Eye Contact: Rinse immediately with plenty of water for 15 minutes; seek medical attention
Ingestion: Seek medical advice; supportive treatment for overdose symptoms as required

Firefighting Measures

Fire Hazard: Combustible powder; dust may pose explosion risk in confined spaces
Extinguishing Media: Water spray, foam, dry chemical, CO₂
Special Precautions: Avoid dust dispersion; use appropriate respiratory protection
Decomposition Products: May emit carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides, and hydrogen bromide upon combustion