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N-Butanol
N-Butanol (1-butanol) is a four-carbon linear alcohol with the chemical formula C₄H₉OH. It is a colorless, flammable liquid with a mild, alcoholic odor. N-Butanol is widely used as a solvent in paints, coatings, adhesives, and chemical synthesis. It serves as an intermediate in the manufacture of plasticizers, butyl acrylate, and other chemicals. Its moderate volatility and solvent properties make it valuable in industrial and commercial applications.
Primary Uses
- Solvent in Paints and Coatings
- Used as a solvent for nitrocellulose, alkyd, and cellulose acetate coatings to improve flow and drying characteristics.
- Enhances gloss and adhesion of paints and varnishes.
- Chemical Intermediate
- Utilized in the production of butyl acrylate, plasticizers, and glycol ethers.
- Serves as a raw material in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
- Adhesives and Sealants
- Acts as a solvent in adhesive formulations for improved consistency and drying time.
- Cleaning Agent
- Employed in industrial cleaning formulations due to its solvency and low toxicity compared to other solvents.
Secondary Uses
- Cosmetics and Personal Care
- Used in small quantities as a solvent in perfumes and fragrances.
- Extractants
- Used in extraction processes in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries.
- Fuel Additive
- Occasionally used as a fuel additive or blending component in gasoline to improve combustion properties.
- Laboratory Solvent
- Used in chemical laboratories for reagent preparation and sample processing.
1. Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): Butan-1-ol
- Common/Trade Name: N-Butanol, 1-Butanol
- CAS Number: 71-36-3
- HS Code: 2905.43.00
- Synonyms: n-Butyl alcohol; 1-Butanol
2. Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: Clear, colorless liquid
- Color & Odor: Colorless; mild alcoholic odor
- Boiling Point: 117.7°C
- Melting Point: -89.5°C
- Density: 0.81 g/cm³ at 20°C
- Solubility: Slightly soluble in water; miscible with most organic solvents
- Flash Point: 35°C (closed cup)
3. Safety & Hazard Attributes
- GHS Classification: Flammable liquid (Category 3)
- Toxicity: Moderate toxicity; can cause irritation to skin and eyes
- Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL 100 ppm; ACGIH TLV 20 ppm (TWA)
4. Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, well-ventilated area away from sources of ignition
- Container Type: Supplied in metal or plastic drums and containers
- Shelf Life: Typically 1 year if stored properly
- Handling Precautions: Use explosion-proof equipment; avoid inhalation and skin contact
5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- Complies with REACH, OSHA, EPA, and other relevant chemical safety regulations
- Listed in major chemical inventories worldwide
6. Environmental & Health Impact
- Biodegradability: Readily biodegradable
- Ecotoxicity: Moderate aquatic toxicity; avoid release into waterways
- Bioaccumulation: Low potential for bioaccumulation
- Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic
Safety Handling Precautions
- PPE Required: Gloves, goggles, and flame-resistant clothing recommended
- Handling Guidelines: Use in well-ventilated areas; avoid ignition sources
- Storage Measures: Keep containers tightly closed; store away from oxidizers
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms persist
- Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water; remove contaminated clothing
- Eye Contact: Rinse immediately with water for at least 15 minutes; seek medical help
- Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; seek immediate medical attention
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Flammable liquid and vapor
- Extinguishing Media: Use foam, dry chemical, or CO₂ extinguishers
- Special Precautions: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and protective gear
- Hazardous Combustion Products: Carbon oxides, aldehydes
Related products
Butyl Acetate
Butyl Acetate is a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic pleasant fruity odor similar to pears or bananas. It is an ester formed from butanol and acetic acid. Due to its excellent solvent properties, moderate evaporation rate, and relatively low toxicity, it is widely used in industrial, pharmaceutical, food flavoring, and cosmetic applications. It dissolves many resins and polymers and is prized for improving flow and finish in coatings and inks.
Hydrochloric Acid (HCL)
Hydrochloric Acid is a clear, colorless to slightly yellow aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride gas. It is a strong, highly corrosive mineral acid with a sharp, pungent odor. The chemical formula is HCl with a molecular weight of 36.46 g/mol. Hydrochloric Acid is completely miscible with water and many organic solvents. It is non-flammable but extremely corrosive to metals and human tissue. Technical grade Hydrochloric Acid is manufactured for industrial applications including chemical manufacturing, steel pickling, oil well acidizing, water treatment, and pH adjustment. It is available in various concentrations, typically ranging from 30% to 38% by weight.
Kerol
Kerol is a synthetic kerosene-like solvent commonly used as a degreasing and cleaning agent in various industrial applications. It is a clear, colorless liquid with low aromatic content, moderate volatility, and excellent solvency properties, designed for effective removal of oils, greases, and contaminants from metal and mechanical parts. Kerol offers a balance of strong cleaning efficiency with improved safety and environmental profile compared to traditional kerosene.
Methoxy Propanol Glycol Ether
Methoxy Propanol Glycol Ether, commonly known as PM Glycol Ether, is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild ether-like odor. It belongs to the glycol ether family and is widely used as a solvent in coatings, inks, cleaning products, and industrial applications due to its excellent solvency, low volatility, and favorable evaporation rate. PM Glycol Ether is miscible with water and many organic solvents, making it versatile for a broad range of formulations.
N-Propanol
N-Propanol, also known as n-Propyl Alcohol or 1-Propanol, is a clear, colorless, low-viscosity liquid with a characteristic mild alcohol-like odor. It is a primary alcohol with the molecular formula C₃H₈O, fully miscible with water and common organic solvents such as alcohols, ketones, ethers, glycols, and hydrocarbons. This high-purity, semi-volatile, polar solvent serves as both a versatile solvent and a chemical intermediate across multiple industrial sectors. N-Propanol has a flash point of 15–23°C and is classified as a highly flammable liquid. Technical grade N-Propanol is manufactured for industrial applications and is not intended for direct human consumption unless specifically certified as USP or Food Grade.
Normal Butanol
Normal Butanol is a straight-chain primary alcohol with the chemical formula C4H10O. It is a colorless, flammable liquid with a characteristic alcoholic odor. Known for its good solvent properties and moderate evaporation rate, n-Butanol is widely used in industrial applications such as solvents for paints, coatings, adhesives, and as an intermediate in chemical synthesis.
Solvent Naphtha
Solvent Naphtha is a flammable, volatile hydrocarbon mixture derived from petroleum distillation. Characterized by its sharp, petroleum-like odor, it is a clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid. It is a versatile industrial solvent prized for its ability to dissolve oils, fats, resins, and rubber. Its balanced evaporation rate and strong solvency make it a key component in formulations requiring a powerful yet controllable solvent.
Xylene
Xylene is a clear, colorless, flammable aromatic hydrocarbon solvent consisting of three isomers: ortho-, meta-, and para-xylene. It is widely utilized in various industries for its excellent solvency, chemical stability, and moderate evaporation rate. Xylene serves as a key raw material in chemical manufacturing and an effective solvent in coatings, adhesives, inks, and cleaning applications.
