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Borax Pentahydrate

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Borax Pentahydrate (sodium tetraborate pentahydrate) is an inorganic compound and a hydrated form of borax. It typically appears as colorless to white crystalline granules or powder. This compound contains five molecules of water of crystallization per formula unit, distinguishing it from other borax hydrates such as the decahydrate form. Borax Pentahydrate is widely used across industries including detergents, glass production, agriculture, and cosmetics, valued for its buffering capacity, emulsification, and antiseptic properties. It is soluble in water and exhibits alkaline properties in aqueous solution.

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Category: Builders Tags: Agriculture applications, Cleaning Agent, Cosmetics ingredient, Detergent formulations, Flame retardant additive, Glass and ceramics manufacturing, Sodium borate pentahydrate, Water softener, White crystalline powder

Description

Table of Contents

Borax Pentahydrate

Primary Uses

Detergent and Cleaning Products

Functions as a pH buffer and water softener in laundry detergents and household cleaning agents.
Enhances cleaning efficiency by maintaining alkaline conditions for stain removal and grease breakdown.

Glass and Ceramics Manufacturing

Used as a fluxing agent to reduce melting points and improve physical properties of glass and ceramics.

Agriculture

Serves as a boron micronutrient fertilizer, essential for plant growth and development.

Cosmetics and Personal Care

Used as an emulsifier and preservative in creams, lotions, and bath salts.
Provides mild antiseptic and buffering properties.

Industrial Applications

Utilized in soldering fluxes, fire retardants, and wood preservatives.

Secondary Uses

Water Treatment

Employed to adjust pH and alkalinity in water treatment processes.

Laboratory Reagent

Used as a buffering agent and reagent in chemical laboratories.

Household and Crafts

Used in homemade slime recipes and as a mild abrasive cleaning agent.

KEY PRODUCT FEATURES

1. Basic Identification Attributes

Chemical Name (IUPAC): Sodium tetraborate pentahydrate
Common/Trade Name: Borax Pentahydrate
CAS Number: 12179-04-3
HS Code: 2840.10.00
Molecular Formula: Na2B4O7·5H2O
Synonyms:
- Sodium borate pentahydrate
- Disodium tetraborate pentahydrate
- Borax 5H2O

2. Physical & Chemical Properties

Physical State: Crystalline powder or granules
Color & Odor: White or colorless; odorless
Melting Point: Decomposes around 75°C (loses water of crystallization)
Boiling Point: Not applicable (decomposes)
Density: Approximately 1.75 g/cm³
Solubility: Soluble in water (higher solubility than decahydrate); insoluble in alcohol
pH: Alkaline (approx. 9–10 in 1% aqueous solution)
Vapor Pressure: Negligible
Stability: Stable under normal conditions; loses water upon heating

3. Safety & Hazard Attributes

Hazard Class (GHS): Irritant to skin and eyes
NFPA Ratings:
- Health: 2
- Flammability: 0
- Reactivity: 0
Exposure Limits:
- OSHA PEL: Not established
- ACGIH TLV: 2 mg/m³ (inhalable dust)
Toxicity: Low acute toxicity; may cause irritation if ingested or inhaled in large quantities
Reactivity: Stable; reacts with strong acids releasing boric acid

4. Storage & Handling Attributes

Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from moisture
Container Type: Sealed plastic bags, drums, or containers
Shelf Life: Typically 2–3 years under proper storage
Special Handling: Avoid dust formation; use appropriate PPE

5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes

FDA Status: Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for limited uses
Environmental Regulations: Complies with REACH and other chemical regulations
Transportation: Not classified as hazardous material
Waste Disposal: Follow local regulations; non-hazardous

6. Environmental & Health Impact

Ecotoxicity: Low to moderate; excess boron is harmful to aquatic organisms
Persistence: Inorganic and stable in environment
Bioaccumulation: Not expected to bioaccumulate
Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic or mutagenic
Biodegradability: Not biodegradable (inorganic compound)

SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS

Safety Handling Precautions

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

Gloves
Safety goggles
Dust mask or respirator when handling powder
Protective clothing

Handling Measures:

Avoid inhalation of dust and contact with skin or eyes
Use local exhaust ventilation if dust is generated
Work in well-ventilated areas

Storage Measures:

Keep container tightly closed
Store away from incompatible materials

Hygiene Practices:

Wash hands thoroughly after handling
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling

First Aid Measures

Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms develop
Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water; remove contaminated clothing
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes; seek medical advice if irritation persists
Ingestion: Rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting; seek medical attention if large amounts ingested

Firefighting Measures

Fire Hazards: Non-flammable
Extinguishing Media: Water spray, foam, dry chemical, or CO₂
Special Precautions: Firefighters should wear protective gear and respiratory protection if needed
Decomposition Products: May emit boron oxides and sodium oxides under extreme heat