Butanol

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Butanol (also known as n-Butanol or Normal Butanol) is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild, alcoholic odor. It is a four-carbon primary alcohol with the chemical formula C4H10O. Butanol is moderately soluble in water and miscible with many organic solvents. Its physical and chemical properties make it a versatile solvent and chemical intermediate. Butanol indicates a high purity grade often used in industrial, pharmaceutical, and chemical synthesis applications.

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Categories: Solvents (Cleaning), Solvents(pharmaceutical) Tags: Butanol, Butyl alcohol, Chemical Intermediate, Fuel Additive, Pharmaceuticals solvent, Plasticizer component, Solvent for coatings and paints

Description

Table of Contents

Butanol

Primary Uses

Industrial Solvent
- Used as a solvent in the manufacture of coatings, paints, adhesives, and inks.
- Serves as a solvent in the production of plastics and plasticizers.
Chemical Intermediate
- Employed in the synthesis of butyl acrylate, butyl acetate, and other esters.
- Utilized in producing glycol ethers and other specialty chemicals.
Pharmaceuticals
- Acts as a solvent or extraction agent in pharmaceutical manufacturing processes.
- Used in formulations requiring high purity solvents.
Fuel Additive
- Sometimes blended with gasoline or other fuels to improve combustion properties.

Secondary Uses

Cosmetics and Personal Care
- Used as a solvent in some fragrances and nail care products.
Laboratory Reagent
- Commonly used as a reagent or solvent in chemical laboratories for synthesis and analysis.
Agricultural Chemicals
- Ingredient in some pesticide formulations as a carrier solvent.

PRODUCT KEY FEATURES

1. Basic Identification Attributes

Chemical Name (IUPAC): Butan-1-ol
Common/Trade Names: Butanol 99.4%, n-Butanol, Normal Butanol
CAS Number: 71-36-3
HS Code: 2905.14.00
Molecular Formula: C4H10O
Molecular Weight: 74.12 g/mol
Synonyms:
- 1-Butanol
- n-Butyl alcohol
- Normal butanol
- Butyl alcohol

2. Physical & Chemical Properties

Physical State: Clear, colorless liquid
Odor: Mild, alcoholic odor
Boiling Point: 117.7 °C
Melting Point: -89.8 °C
Density: 0.81 g/cm³ at 20 °C
Flash Point: 35 °C (closed cup)
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water (~7.7 g/100 mL at 20 °C); miscible with alcohol, ether, and organic solvents
Vapor Pressure: 6.6 kPa at 20 °C
Refractive Index: 1.397

3. Safety & Hazard Attributes

Hazard Class (GHS): Flammable Liquid, Category 3
NFPA Ratings:
- Health: 2
- Flammability: 3
- Reactivity: 0
Exposure Limits:
- OSHA PEL: 100 ppm (TWA)
- ACGIH TLV: 20 ppm (TWA)
Toxicity: Moderate toxicity; exposure may cause CNS effects, irritation to eyes and respiratory tract
Reactivity: Stable under normal conditions; avoid strong oxidizers

4. Storage & Handling Attributes

Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat and ignition sources
Container Type: Airtight metal or chemical-resistant containers
Shelf Life: 2–3 years under proper storage conditions
Special Handling: Use grounding and bonding to prevent static discharge; avoid inhalation of vapors and prolonged skin contact

5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes

Regulatory Status: Listed under REACH, TSCA, and other major chemical inventories
Transportation: Classified as a flammable liquid under DOT, IMDG, and IATA
Waste Disposal: Dispose of according to local, state, and federal hazardous waste regulations

6. Environmental & Health Impact

Ecotoxicity: Harmful to aquatic organisms; avoid release into the environment
Persistence: Readily biodegradable
Bioaccumulation: Low potential for bioaccumulation
Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic or mutagenic

SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS

Safety Handling Precautions

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

Chemical-resistant gloves
Safety goggles or face shield
Protective clothing (lab coat or apron)
Respiratory protection if ventilation is inadequate

Handling Measures:

Avoid inhalation of vapors and contact with skin or eyes
Use in well-ventilated areas
Ground and bond containers to prevent static discharge

Storage Measures:

Keep containers tightly closed
Store away from heat, sparks, open flames, and incompatible materials

Hygiene Practices:

Wash hands thoroughly after handling
Do not eat, drink, or smoke in the work area

First Aid Measures

Inhalation: Move person to fresh air immediately; seek medical attention if symptoms persist
Skin Contact: Wash affected area thoroughly with soap and water; seek medical help if irritation occurs
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for at least 15 minutes; obtain medical attention if irritation continues
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water; do not induce vomiting; seek immediate medical care

Firefighting Measures

Fire Hazards: Highly flammable liquid and vapor; vapors can travel to ignition sources and flash back
Extinguishing Media: Use alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical powder, CO₂, or water spray
Special Precautions: Firefighters should wear full protective gear and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)
Decomposition Products: May emit toxic fumes including carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide under fire conditions