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Calcium Nitrate
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Calcium Nitrate is a highly soluble, white crystalline salt composed of calcium and nitrate ions. It is commonly available as a tetrahydrate (Ca(NO₃)₂·4H₂O). Known for its excellent solubility in water, calcium nitrate is widely used as a fertilizer providing both calcium and nitrogen to plants. It improves soil structure, enhances nutrient uptake, and prevents disorders such as blossom-end rot in fruits. Beyond agriculture, calcium nitrate serves in wastewater treatment, concrete acceleration, and industrial chemical processes.
Description
Primary Uses
- Agriculture & Horticulture
- Used extensively as a water-soluble fertilizer supplying readily available calcium and nitrate nitrogen.
- Prevents calcium deficiency disorders in crops such as tomatoes, peppers, apples, and strawberries.
- Improves soil pH and structure, reducing soil acidity.
- Supports rapid plant growth and higher crop yields.
- Water Treatment
- Used as a nitrification inhibitor to prevent odor and corrosion caused by hydrogen sulfide in wastewater systems.
- Controls nitrogen cycling and reduces ammonia emissions in sewage treatment plants.
- Concrete & Construction
- Acts as a set accelerator and corrosion inhibitor in concrete mixes.
- Enhances early strength development and durability of concrete.
Secondary Uses
- Chemical Industry
- Used as a raw material in the manufacture of explosives, pyrotechnics, and other nitrate salts.
- Environmental Applications
- Applied in environmental remediation to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions and improve soil remediation.
- Cold Packs
- Occasionally used in instant cold packs due to its endothermic dissolution properties.
PRODUCT KEY FEATURES
Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): Calcium dinitrate tetrahydrate
- Common/Trade Name: Calcium Nitrate
- CAS Number: 13477-34-4
- HS Code: 3105.30.00
- Molecular Formula: Ca(NO₃)₂ · 4H₂O
- Synonyms:
- Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate
- Norwegian saltpeter
- Calcium dinitrate
- Lime nitrate
2. Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: Crystalline granules or powder
- Color & Odor: White; odorless
- Melting Point: Decomposes before melting at ~40°C (loss of water)
- Boiling Point: Not applicable (decomposes)
- Density: Approx. 1.9 g/cm³ (anhydrous)
- Solubility: Highly soluble in water (~121 g/100 mL at 20°C); insoluble in alcohol
- pH: Slightly acidic to neutral in aqueous solution (pH ~5.5–6.5)
- Stability: Hygroscopic; stable under normal conditions when stored dry
3. Safety & Hazard Attributes
- Hazard Class (GHS): Oxidizing solid (Category 3), may intensify fire
- NFPA Ratings:
- Health: 2
- Flammability: 0
- Reactivity: 1
- Exposure Limits: No specific OSHA PEL; avoid inhalation of dust
- Toxicity: Low acute toxicity; ingestion may cause gastrointestinal irritation
- Reactivity: Strong oxidizer; reacts with combustible materials and reducing agents
4. Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances such as organic materials and acids
- Container Type: Sealed plastic or polyethylene bags, drums, or bulk containers
- Shelf Life: Typically 2 years if stored properly
- Special Handling: Avoid dust formation and contact with combustibles; use PPE during handling
5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- FDA Status: Approved for use in fertilizers; not for direct food use
- Pharmacopoeia Compliance: Not applicable
- Transportation: Classified as an oxidizer under hazardous materials regulations (UN number 1454)
- Waste Disposal: Dispose in accordance with local regulations for oxidizing substances
6. Environmental & Health Impact
- Ecotoxicity: May cause oxygen depletion in water bodies if released in large amounts
- Persistence: Water-soluble and mobile in the environment
- Bioaccumulation: Not expected
- Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic or mutagenic
- Biodegradability: Not applicable (inorganic salt)
SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS
Safety Handling Precautions
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
- Gloves
- Safety goggles
- Dust mask or respirator (if dust is generated)
- Protective clothing
Handling Measures:
- Avoid generating dust
- Use in well-ventilated areas
- Keep away from flammable materials and reducing agents
Storage Measures:
- Keep containers tightly closed
- Store away from heat sources, acids, and organic substances
- Protect from moisture
Hygiene Practices:
- Wash hands after handling
- Do not eat, drink, or smoke in handling areas
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if breathing difficulties occur
- Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water; seek medical advice if irritation develops
- Eye Contact: Rinse immediately with water for 15 minutes; seek medical attention if irritation persists
- Ingestion: Rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting; seek medical attention if large amounts are ingested
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Supports combustion; strong oxidizer
- Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, or dry chemical extinguishers
- Special Precautions: Firefighters should wear full protective equipment and SCBA
- Decomposition Products: May release nitrogen oxides, calcium oxide, and toxic fumes when heated
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