Ammonia Solution Extra Pure

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SHORT DESCRIPTION

Ammonia Solution Extra Pure is a high-purity, clear, colorless liquid composed of ammonia gas dissolved in water, emitting a strong, characteristic pungent odor. Widely used in laboratory chemistry, it serves as a crucial reagent in acid-base titrations, complexometric analysis, and the preparation of ammonium salts and metal-ammonia complexes. Its alkaline nature makes it valuable for pH adjustment, cleaning of laboratory glassware, and as a reducing agent in certain analytical procedures. The extra pure grade ensures low levels of impurities, supporting reliable results in sensitive experimental work. Due to its volatility and corrosiveness, it should be handled in well-ventilated areas and stored in tightly sealed, chemically resistant containers.

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Category: LABORATORY CHEMICALS Tags: AnalyticalReagent, AqueousAmmonia, ComplexFormation, HighPuritySolution, LabGradeNH3, PHAdjustment, TitrationBas, VolatileReagent

Description

USES

Table of Contents

Primary Uses

Reagent in Qualitative Inorganic Analysis
- Used to precipitate hydroxides of metal cations (e.g., Cu²⁺, Fe³⁺, Zn²⁺), essential in classic group analysis.
Complexing Agent in Coordination Chemistry
- Forms ammine complexes (e.g., [Cu(NH₃)₄]²⁺); commonly used in ligand substitution and complexation experiments.
pH Control and Alkaline Buffer Preparation
- Adjusts pH in various analytical reactions; contributes to ammonium-based buffer systems.
Cleaning and Degreasing Agent
- Employed for cleaning laboratory glassware and removing organic residues, especially in spectroscopy prep.
Titrant or Reactant in Acid-Base Reactions
- Used in neutralization and back-titration experiments in analytical chemistry teaching labs.

Secondary Uses

Nutrient in Microbiology & Plant Culture Studies
- Source of nitrogen in experimental nutrient media or hydroponic research.
Precipitation of Metal Hydroxides in Water Testing
- Used to induce floc formation for removal or measurement of metal ions in environmental samples.
Gas Generation Experiments
- Source of ammonia vapor in demonstrations or studies of gas solubility and acid-base equilibria.
Reagent in Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) & Spot Tests
- Used in developing solvent systems or as a visualization aid for amino acids and alkaloids.
Etching and Surface Activation (Experimental Use)
- Sometimes used in small-scale metal surface treatment or oxide layer preparation.

KEY PRODUCT FEATURES

KEY ATTRIBUTES

1. Basic Identification Attributes

Chemical Name: Ammonia Solution (Aqueous Ammonia)
CAS Number: 1336-21-6
HS Code: 28142000 (Ammonia in aqueous solution)
Molecular Formula: NH₄OH (more accurately, a solution of NH₃ in H₂O)
Synonyms:
- Aqueous ammonia
- Ammonium hydroxide
- Ammonia water
- Ammonia liquor
- NH₃(aq)

2. Physical & Chemical Properties

Physical State: Liquid
Color & Odor: Colorless with a strong, pungent ammonia odor
Boiling Point: ~37.7°C (for 28–30% solution)
Melting Point: ~–57.5°C
Density/Specific Gravity: ~0.91–0.97 g/cm³ (varies with concentration)
Solubility:
- Water: Completely miscible
- Alcohols: Miscible
pH Level: Strongly alkaline (pH ~11.5–12.5 for 10% solution)
Vapor Pressure: High; volatile at room temperature
Flash Point: Not flammable as a liquid, but vapors are flammable (~15% NH₃ in air)
Autoignition Temperature: ~651°C (for ammonia gas)
Viscosity: Low (similar to water)

Safety & Hazard Attributes

Hazard Class (GHS):
- Corrosive (Skin Irrit. 2, Eye Dam. 1)
- Harmful if inhaled (Acute Tox. 4 – Inhalation)
- Dangerous to aquatic life (Aquatic Acute 1)
NFPA Ratings:
- Health: 3
- Flammability: 1
- Reactivity: 0
Exposure Limits:
- OSHA PEL: 50 ppm (35 mg/m³)
- ACGIH TLV: 25 ppm TWA, 35 ppm STEL
Reactivity:
- Reacts with acids (forms ammonium salts)
- Incompatible with halogens, hypochlorites (forms chloramines or explosive compounds)

4. Storage & Handling Attributes

Storage Conditions:
- Store in cool, well-ventilated area
- Keep tightly sealed to prevent vapor release and pressure build-up
Incompatible Materials:
- Acids, oxidizers, halogens, bleach
Container Type:
- Polyethylene (HDPE), glass with vented cap
Shelf Life & Expiration Date:
- 1–2 years if tightly sealed and protected from heat
Special Handling Requirements:
- Use in fume hood
- Wear chemical-resistant gloves, goggles, and lab coat
- Avoid inhalation of vapors and skin contact

5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes

Regulatory Status:
- Listed in TSCA, REACH, and other chemical inventories
- Subject to workplace safety regulations
Transportation Restrictions:
- UN Number: UN2672 (Ammonia solution, >10% but ≤35%)
- Hazard Class: 8 (Corrosive)
- Packing Group: III
Waste Disposal Method:
- Neutralize with dilute acid under controlled conditions
- Dispose as hazardous chemical waste according to local regulations

6. Environmental & Health Impact

Ecotoxicity:
- Highly toxic to aquatic life; even small quantities affect fish and invertebrates
Persistence in Environment:
- Volatilizes easily; reacts in air and water
Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity:
- Not classified as carcinogenic
Biodegradability:
- Not biodegradable in traditional sense; rapidly oxidized in environment

SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
- Wear a lab coat, chemical splash goggles, and chemical-resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile, butyl rubber).
- Use a face shield when handling large volumes or concentrated solutions.
- Operate inside a chemical fume hood—vapors are irritating and potentially harmful.
Handling:
- Handle with care—corrosive and volatile.
- Avoid breathing vapors and prevent contact with eyes and skin.
- Open containers slowly and in a fume hood to control vapor release.
- Keep containers tightly closed when not in use.
Storage:
- Store in a cool, well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
- Keep away from acids, halogens, oxidizers, and reactive metals (e.g., zinc, copper).
- Use corrosion-resistant containers (typically plastic with secure lids).
Hygiene Measures:
- Wash hands thoroughly after use.
- Do not eat, drink, or apply cosmetics in the lab.
- Decontaminate surfaces and equipment after handling.

FIRST AID MEASURES

Inhalation:
- Immediately move the person to fresh air.
- If breathing is difficult, provide oxygen or artificial respiration.
- Seek emergency medical attention—ammonia vapors can cause serious respiratory irritation or burns.
Skin Contact:
- Immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
- Remove contaminated clothing and shoes.
- Get medical help if irritation, burns, or pain persist.
Eye Contact:
- Rinse eyes with copious amounts of water for at least 15–20 minutes.
- Hold eyelids apart and roll eyes while flushing.
- Seek immediate medical attention—can cause severe eye damage.
Ingestion:
- Rinse your mouth with water but do not induce vomiting.
- Give water or milk only if the person is conscious and alert.
- Seek emergency medical attention immediately—ammonia can cause corrosive damage to the mouth, throat, and stomach.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES

Suitable Extinguishing Media:
- Use water spray, dry chemical powder, carbon dioxide (CO₂), or alcohol-resistant foam.
- Do not use water directly on concentrated ammonia spills—this can intensify vapor release.
Specific Hazards:
- Ammonia solution is not flammable, but vapors can ignite at high concentrations in air.
- Heating may release toxic and irritating vapors including ammonia gas.
Protective Equipment for Firefighters:
- Wear full chemical protective gear and a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Firefighting Instructions:
- Approach fire from upwind to avoid exposure to gases.
- Cool containers with water spray to prevent pressure build-up and rupture.
- Prevent run-off from entering drains or waterways—ammonia is harmful to aquatic life.