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Potassium Iodide USP

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Potassium Iodide USP is a high-purity inorganic halogenated salt that meets the strict quality and purity standards of the United States Pharmacopeia (USP). It appears as white crystalline granules or powder, is odorless, and has a characteristic saline taste. This pharmaceutical-grade compound is valued for its ability to act as a source of iodide ions, its high solubility in water, and its stability when properly stored. It is slightly hygroscopic and may become yellow upon prolonged exposure to air due to liberation of iodine, with light and moisture accelerating decomposition, requiring careful packaging and storage. Potassium Iodide USP is manufactured under current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) and is suitable for human pharmaceutical applications, nutritional supplements, and other uses requiring the highest purity standards.

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Description

Table of Contents

Potassium Iodide USP

Primary Uses

1. Pharmaceutical Chemicals

Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API): Used in the manufacture of pharmaceutical tablets for thyroid protection, including radiation emergency preparedness (potassium iodide tablets) to block radioactive iodine uptake by the thyroid gland.
Excipient: Functions as a stabilizing agent in various pharmaceutical formulations and in the preparation of tincture of iodine and iodine solutions.
Antiseptic preparations: Used in wound sprays, topical disinfectant formulations, and preoperative skin preparations.
Expectorant: Included in cough syrups and respiratory medications to thin mucus and promote expulsion in conditions such as chronic bronchitis and asthma.
Antifungal treatments: Used in topical preparations for certain fungal infections, particularly sporotrichosis.
Thyroid blocking agent: Prescribed before administration of radioactive iodine diagnostic or therapeutic procedures to protect the thyroid.
Radiation protection: Stockpiled by government agencies and healthcare facilities for distribution in nuclear emergencies.
Thyroid disease management: Used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism in preparation for surgery and in the management of thyrotoxic crisis.
Dermatological preparations: Incorporated into topical formulations for certain skin conditions.

2. Food and Beverage Chemicals

Nutrient Supplements: Serves as a source of elemental dietary iodine in nutritional supplements for humans, including multivitamins, mineral tablets, and prenatal vitamins.
Iodized salt additive: Used to fortify table salt with iodine to prevent iodine deficiency disorders, including goiter and cretinism.
Infant nutrition: Added to infant formulas and baby foods to ensure adequate iodine intake for proper neurological development.

3. Laboratory Chemicals

Analytical Reagents: USP grade is used as a primary standard for various analytical procedures including iodometric titrations.
Biochemical Reagents: Employed in biochemical research, protein crystallization, and testing applications requiring pharmaceutical-grade purity.
Chromatography Chemicals: Used in preparation of mobile phases and detection reagents where high purity is essential.
Spectroscopy Reagents: Utilized in UV-VIS spectroscopy applications as a standard for iodine determination.
Inorganic and Organic Standards: Used as a certified reference standard in analytical chemistry.

Secondary Uses

1. Veterinary Medicine

Veterinary pharmaceuticals: Incorporated into medications for treating respiratory conditions and iodine deficiency in livestock, horses, and companion animals.
Trace mineral supplement: Added to veterinary formulations for iodine-deficient animals.

2. Cosmetic and Personal Care Chemicals

Oral care products: Added to some therapeutic toothpaste formulations for gum health.
Hair care: Used in specialized hair treatment products for scalp conditions.

3. Specialty and Fine Chemicals

Chemical Intermediates: Used as a high-purity raw material in the synthesis of pharmaceutical-grade iodo compounds.
Research applications: Employed in pharmaceutical research and development.

KEY PRODUCT FEATURES

1. Basic Identification Attributes

Chemical Name (IUPAC): Potassium iodide
Common/Trade Name: Potassium Iodide USP; KI USP
CAS Number: 7681-11-0
HS Code: 2827.60
Molecular Formula: KI
Molecular Weight: 166.00 g/mol
Synonyms:
- Iodide salt of potassium
- Potassium monoiodide
- ThyroShield (brand name)
- IOSAT (brand name)
- Potassium iodide USP
- Potassium iodide pharmaceutical grade

2. Physical & Chemical Properties

Physical State: Crystalline powder or granules
Color & Odor: White, odorless (may yellow with age due to iodine liberation; USP allows slight yellowing but specifies limits)
Melting Point: 681°C
Boiling Point: 1,330°C
Density: 3.12 g/cm³
pH (5% solution): 7.0–9.0 (slightly alkaline)
Solubility: Highly soluble in water (1.4 g/mL), glycerol, and ethanol; slightly soluble in methanol
Hygroscopicity: Slightly hygroscopic; absorbs moisture from air
Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions; sensitive to light and moisture
Loss on Drying: ≤ 1.0% (USP specification)
Heavy Metals: ≤ 0.001% (USP specification)
Iodate Limit: Passes USP limit test
Thiosulfate Limit: Passes USP limit test
Barium Limit: Passes USP limit test
Assay: 99.0–101.5% (USP specification)

3. Safety & Hazard Attributes

GHS Classification:
- H319: Causes serious eye irritation
- H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child (at high therapeutic doses)
- H372: Causes damage to thyroid through prolonged or repeated exposure (at high doses exceeding therapeutic levels)
Therapeutic Safety: Safe and effective when used at recommended doses under medical supervision
Contraindications: Not for use in individuals with known hypersensitivity to iodine; caution in pregnancy and breastfeeding (use only under medical supervision)
Irritation: May cause eye irritation
Exposure Limits: Regulated as a pharmaceutical; occupational exposure should be minimized

4. Storage & Handling Attributes

Storage Conditions: Store in tightly closed, light-resistant containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area. Protect from light, moisture, and air. USP requires storage in tight, light-resistant containers.
Container Type: Amber glass bottles with tight closures, HDPE drums with liner, foil-lined bags
Shelf Life: 24–36 months when stored under recommended conditions
Handling Precautions:
- Avoid dust formation and inhalation
- Use in well-ventilated areas with local exhaust ventilation
- Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing
- Wash thoroughly after handling
- Follow pharmaceutical good handling practices
Storage Measures: Light-sensitive; use opaque or amber containers; maintain dry conditions; protect from air

5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes

Regulatory Status:
- USP: Meets United States Pharmacopeia monograph requirements
- FDA: Approved for pharmaceutical and food applications
- cGMP: Manufactured under current Good Manufacturing Practices
- TSCA (USA): Listed
- DSL (Canada): Listed
- EINECS/ELINCS (EU): 231-659-4
- REACH: Registered for pharmaceutical and industrial use
Certifications: USP grade certification available; Certificate of Analysis provided with each lot
Labeling Requirements: Must carry USP designation; appropriate pharmaceutical labeling; GHS hazard labeling for occupational safety

6. Environmental & Health Impact

Biodegradability: Inorganic compound; does not biodegrade
Ecotoxicity: Very toxic to aquatic life; pharmaceutical manufacturers must prevent environmental release
Bioaccumulation: Iodine can bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms
Environmental Fate: Highly soluble; persists in water; must be handled as pharmaceutical waste
Disposal Considerations: Dispose in accordance with pharmaceutical waste regulations; do not release to environment

SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS

1. Safety Handling Precautions

PPE Required:
- Eyes: Chemical splash goggles or safety glasses with side shields
- Skin: Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile recommended), lab coat or cleanroom attire
- Respiratory: Use NIOSH-approved N95 or N100 respirator if airborne dust concentrations exceed occupational exposure limits
- Other: Eyewash station accessible in handling area
Handling Guidelines:
- Use in controlled environments with appropriate ventilation
- Minimize dust generation and accumulation
- Follow pharmaceutical good handling practices
- Prevent cross-contamination with other materials
- Maintain lot traceability
Storage Measures:
- Store in USP-compliant containers (tight, light-resistant)
- Protect from light, moisture, and air
- Monitor expiry dates; rotate stock using FIFO method
- Store at controlled room temperature (15–30°C)
Hygiene Practices:
- Wash hands thoroughly before breaks and after handling
- Remove contaminated clothing and launder before reuse
- Shower at end of shift
- Do not eat, drink, or smoke in handling areas

2. First Aid Measures

Inhalation: Remove the person to fresh air immediately. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. Seek medical attention if respiratory irritation or symptoms develop.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing immediately. Rinse skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Wash with soap and water. Seek medical attention if irritation develops.
Eye Contact: Immediately rinse eyes with lukewarm, gently flowing water for at least 15 minutes while holding eyelids open. Remove contact lenses if present. Seek immediate medical attention.
Ingestion: For occupational exposure (unintentional ingestion): Rinse mouth thoroughly. Do NOT induce vomiting. Drink milk or several glasses of water. Seek immediate medical attention. For pharmaceutical use, follow prescribing information and medical guidance.

3. Firefighting Measures

Fire Hazards: Non-flammable solid. May evolve toxic and corrosive iodine vapor when heated to decomposition.
Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, fog, or mist; dry chemical; carbon dioxide. Select media appropriate for surrounding materials.
Special Firefighting Procedures:
- Wear full protective clothing and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)
- Use water spray to cool exposed containers and disperse vapors
- Contain firefighting runoff to prevent environmental contamination
Hazardous Combustion Products: Iodine vapor, hydrogen iodide, oxides of potassium

Potassium Iodide USP

Potassium Iodide USP

Primary Uses

1. Pharmaceutical Chemicals

Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API): Used in the manufacture of pharmaceutical tablets for thyroid protection, including radiation emergency preparedness (potassium iodide tablets) to block radioactive iodine uptake by the thyroid gland.

Excipient: Functions as a stabilizing agent in various pharmaceutical formulations and in the preparation of tincture of iodine and iodine solutions.

Antiseptic preparations: Used in wound sprays, topical disinfectant formulations, and preoperative skin preparations.

Expectorant: Included in cough syrups and respiratory medications to thin mucus and promote expulsion in conditions such as chronic bronchitis and asthma.

Antifungal treatments: Used in topical preparations for certain fungal infections, particularly sporotrichosis.

Thyroid blocking agent: Prescribed before administration of radioactive iodine diagnostic or therapeutic procedures to protect the thyroid.

Radiation protection: Stockpiled by government agencies and healthcare facilities for distribution in nuclear emergencies.

Thyroid disease management: Used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism in preparation for surgery and in the management of thyrotoxic crisis.

Dermatological preparations: Incorporated into topical formulations for certain skin conditions.

2. Food and Beverage Chemicals

Nutrient Supplements: Serves as a source of elemental dietary iodine in nutritional supplements for humans, including multivitamins, mineral tablets, and prenatal vitamins.

Iodized salt additive: Used to fortify table salt with iodine to prevent iodine deficiency disorders, including goiter and cretinism.

Infant nutrition: Added to infant formulas and baby foods to ensure adequate iodine intake for proper neurological development.

3. Laboratory Chemicals

Analytical Reagents: USP grade is used as a primary standard for various analytical procedures including iodometric titrations.

Biochemical Reagents: Employed in biochemical research, protein crystallization, and testing applications requiring pharmaceutical-grade purity.

Chromatography Chemicals: Used in preparation of mobile phases and detection reagents where high purity is essential.

Spectroscopy Reagents: Utilized in UV-VIS spectroscopy applications as a standard for iodine determination.

Inorganic and Organic Standards: Used as a certified reference standard in analytical chemistry.

Secondary Uses

1. Veterinary Medicine

Veterinary pharmaceuticals: Incorporated into medications for treating respiratory conditions and iodine deficiency in livestock, horses, and companion animals.

Trace mineral supplement: Added to veterinary formulations for iodine-deficient animals.

2. Cosmetic and Personal Care Chemicals

Oral care products: Added to some therapeutic toothpaste formulations for gum health.

Hair care: Used in specialized hair treatment products for scalp conditions.

3. Specialty and Fine Chemicals

Chemical Intermediates: Used as a high-purity raw material in the synthesis of pharmaceutical-grade iodo compounds.

Research applications: Employed in pharmaceutical research and development.

1. Basic Identification Attributes

Chemical Name (IUPAC): Potassium iodide

Common/Trade Name: Potassium Iodide USP; KI USP

CAS Number: 7681-11-0

HS Code: 2827.60

Molecular Formula: KI

Molecular Weight: 166.00 g/mol

Synonyms:

Iodide salt of potassium

Potassium monoiodide

ThyroShield (brand name)

IOSAT (brand name)

Potassium iodide USP

Potassium iodide pharmaceutical grade

2. Physical & Chemical Properties

Physical State: Crystalline powder or granules

Color & Odor: White, odorless (may yellow with age due to iodine liberation; USP allows slight yellowing but specifies limits)

Melting Point: 681°C

Boiling Point: 1,330°C

Density: 3.12 g/cm³

pH (5% solution): 7.0–9.0 (slightly alkaline)

Solubility: Highly soluble in water (1.4 g/mL), glycerol, and ethanol; slightly soluble in methanol

Hygroscopicity: Slightly hygroscopic; absorbs moisture from air

Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions; sensitive to light and moisture

Loss on Drying: ≤ 1.0% (USP specification)

Heavy Metals: ≤ 0.001% (USP specification)

Iodate Limit: Passes USP limit test

Thiosulfate Limit: Passes USP limit test

Barium Limit: Passes USP limit test

Assay: 99.0–101.5% (USP specification)

3. Safety & Hazard Attributes

GHS Classification:

H319: Causes serious eye irritation

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child (at high therapeutic doses)

H372: Causes damage to thyroid through prolonged or repeated exposure (at high doses exceeding therapeutic levels)

Therapeutic Safety: Safe and effective when used at recommended doses under medical supervision

Contraindications: Not for use in individuals with known hypersensitivity to iodine; caution in pregnancy and breastfeeding (use only under medical supervision)

Irritation: May cause eye irritation

Exposure Limits: Regulated as a pharmaceutical; occupational exposure should be minimized

4. Storage & Handling Attributes

Storage Conditions: Store in tightly closed, light-resistant containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area. Protect from light, moisture, and air. USP requires storage in tight, light-resistant containers.

Container Type: Amber glass bottles with tight closures, HDPE drums with liner, foil-lined bags

Shelf Life: 24–36 months when stored under recommended conditions

Handling Precautions:

Avoid dust formation and inhalation

Use in well-ventilated areas with local exhaust ventilation

Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing