Bronopol

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Bronopol (2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol) is a water-soluble, white crystalline powder or granules with a slight odor. It is a synthetic antimicrobial agent widely used as a preservative in personal care products, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and industrial applications. Bronopol exhibits broad-spectrum bactericidal and fungicidal activity, making it effective against a wide range of microorganisms. It works by releasing active formaldehyde slowly, which disrupts microbial metabolism and reproduction.

Description

Primary Uses

  1. Personal Care & Cosmetics 
  • Used as a preservative in shampoos, conditioners, lotions, creams, and other cosmetic formulations to inhibit bacterial and fungal growth. 
  • Helps extend shelf life and maintain product integrity by preventing microbial contamination. 
  1. Pharmaceuticals 
  • Employed as a preservative in topical pharmaceutical formulations such as ointments and eye drops. 
  1. Industrial Applications 
  • Used as a biocide in paper mills, cooling water systems, and other industrial water treatment to control microbial growth and biofilm formation. 
  • Applied in leather tanning and textile processing to prevent microbial degradation. 

Secondary Uses 

  1. Household Products 
  • Incorporated in cleaning agents and detergents as a preservative and antimicrobial agent. 
  1. Agriculture 
  • Occasionally used in seed treatment formulations to control fungal contamination. 
PRODUCT KEY FEATURES

. Basic Identification Attributes

  • Chemical Name (IUPAC): 2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol 
  • Common/Trade Name: Bronopol 
  • CAS Number: 52-51-7 
  • HS Code: 2924.99.90 
  • Molecular Formula: C3H6BrNO4 
  • Synonyms: 
    • Bronopol 
    • 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol 
    • BNPD 

2. Physical & Chemical Properties

  • Physical State: Crystalline powder or granules 
  • Color & Odor: White; slight characteristic odor 
  • Melting Point: 130–132°C (decomposes) 
  • Boiling Point: Not applicable (decomposes) 
  • Density: Approx. 1.8 g/cm³ 
  • Solubility: Soluble in water; insoluble in most organic solvents 
  • pH: Slightly acidic to neutral in aqueous solution 
  • Stability: Stable under recommended storage; decomposes under alkaline conditions or heat 

3. Safety & Hazard Attributes

  • Hazard Class (GHS): Skin irritant; may cause serious eye irritation; harmful if swallowed 
  • NFPA Ratings: 
    • Health: 2 
    • Flammability: 1 
    • Reactivity: 1 
  • Exposure Limits: No specific OSHA limits; avoid inhalation and skin contact 
  • Toxicity: Moderate toxicity; can cause skin sensitization and allergic reactions in some individuals 
  • Reactivity: Reactive with strong acids, bases, and oxidizing agents 

4. Storage & Handling Attributes

  • Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances 
  • Container Type: Sealed plastic or glass containers, corrosion-resistant 
  • Shelf Life: Typically 2–3 years if stored properly 
  • Special Handling: Avoid dust formation; use PPE; handle in well-ventilated areas 

5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes

  • FDA Status: Approved for limited use in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals as a preservative 
  • REACH Registration: Registered under EU regulations 
  • Transportation: Not classified as hazardous for transport under normal conditions 
  • Waste Disposal: Dispose of as chemical waste in accordance with local regulations 

6. Environmental & Health Impact

  • Ecotoxicity: Moderately toxic to aquatic organisms; avoid release into waterways 
  • Persistence: Degrades slowly in the environment 
  • Bioaccumulation: Low potential for bioaccumulation 
  • Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic; some concern for mutagenicity at high concentrations 
  • Biodegradability: Partial biodegradability under aerobic conditions 
SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS

Safety Handling Precautions

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

  • Gloves 
  • Protective goggles 
  • Dust mask or respirator if dust exposure is likely 
  • Protective clothing 

Handling Measures:

  • Avoid inhalation, ingestion, and skin or eye contact 
  • Use local exhaust ventilation to minimize dust 
  • Work in well-ventilated areas 

Storage Measures:

  • Keep containers tightly closed 
  • Protect from moisture, heat, and incompatible materials 

Hygiene Practices:

  • Wash hands thoroughly after handling 
  • Do not eat, drink, or smoke in work areas 

 

First Aid Measures

  • Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if breathing difficulties occur 
  • Skin Contact: Wash immediately with soap and water; seek medical advice if irritation develops 
  • Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for at least 15 minutes; seek immediate medical attention 
  • Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; rinse mouth and seek medical attention immediately 

 

Firefighting Measures

  • Fire Hazards: Combustible; emits toxic gases on decomposition 
  • Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, dry chemical, or COâ‚‚ as appropriate 
  • Special Precautions: Firefighters should wear full protective gear and SCBA 
  • Decomposition Products: May produce bromine, nitrogen oxides, and other toxic fumes when heated