Diloxanide Furoate

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Diloxanide Furoate is an orally administered antiprotozoal agent used primarily for the treatment of amoebiasis. It is a furan-based derivative that acts as a luminal amoebicide, effectively targeting Entamoeba histolytica cysts and trophozoites within the intestinal lumen. This compound is well-regarded for its efficacy in eradicating asymptomatic cyst carriers and as a follow-up treatment after systemic amoebicidal therapy. Diloxanide Furoate has good oral bioavailability and a favorable safety profile.

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Category: Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) Tags: Antiprotozoal drug, Diloxanide Furoate, Drug manufacturing, Hospital supplies, Intestinal parasite treatment, Pharmaceutical ingredient

Description

Table of Contents

Diloxanide Furoate Uses

Primary Uses

Pharmaceutical Use – Anti-amoebic Agent

Used to treat asymptomatic and mild-to-moderate intestinal amoebiasis caused by Entamoeba histolytica.
Acts specifically on the luminal stage of the parasite, clearing cysts from the intestinal tract to prevent transmission and relapse.
Commonly administered following systemic amoebicides like metronidazole to ensure complete eradication of infection.

Parasitic Infection Control

Employed in mass treatment campaigns in endemic regions to reduce amoebiasis prevalence.
Utilized for prophylactic purposes in travelers to endemic areas as a preventive therapy against amoebic infections.

Combination Therapy

Often used in combination with other anti-amoebic drugs for synergistic effects, improving cure rates and minimizing drug resistance.

Secondary Uses

Research Applications

Used as a reference compound in parasitology and pharmacology research to study anti-amoebic mechanisms and drug resistance.

Veterinary Use (Limited)

Occasionally applied off-label in veterinary medicine for protozoal infections in animals, though human pharmaceutical grade predominates.

KEY PRODUCT FEATURES

1. Basic Identification Attributes

Chemical Name (IUPAC): 2-(Dichloromethylidene)aminooxy-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)acetamide
Common/Trade Name: Diloxanide Furoate
CAS Number: 135-91-3
HS Code: 2941.30.00
Molecular Formula: C10H8Cl2N2O4
Synonyms:
- Diloxanide Furoate
- Diloxanide
- 2,2-Dichloro-N-[(furan-2-yl)methyl]acetamide

2. Physical & Chemical Properties

Physical State: Off-white to pale yellow crystalline powder
Odor: Odorless to slight characteristic odor
Melting Point: Approximately 150–154°C
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water; soluble in organic solvents like methanol and ethanol
Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions; sensitive to moisture

3. Safety & Hazard Attributes

Hazard Class (GHS): Not classified as hazardous but handle with care
Toxicity: Low acute toxicity; avoid ingestion in non-therapeutic doses
Exposure Limits: No specific occupational limits; standard precautions apply

4. Storage & Handling Attributes

Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and moisture
Container Type: Sealed airtight containers or pharmaceutical-grade packaging
Shelf Life: Typically 2–3 years if stored properly
Handling Precautions: Use gloves and avoid dust inhalation during handling

5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes

Approved by major pharmacopeias (e.g., USP, BP) for pharmaceutical use
Included in WHO Essential Medicines List for Amoebiasis
Registered under regulatory bodies for human medicinal use

6. Environmental & Health Impact

Ecotoxicity: Low; minimal environmental persistence in normal disposal conditions
Biodegradability: Expected to degrade under aerobic environmental conditions
Bioaccumulation: Not expected

SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS

Safety Handling Precautions

PPE Required:

Gloves (nitrile or latex)
Safety goggles
Lab coat or protective apron
Dust mask if powder handling generates dust

Handling Guidelines:

Avoid inhalation of dust and skin contact
Use in well-ventilated areas or under fume extraction
Prevent contamination of food, feed, and water sources

Storage Masures:

Keep container tightly closed and store in a dry environment
Protect from moisture and heat
Segregate from incompatible substances

Hygiene Practices:

Wash hands thoroughly after handling
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling product
Use clean tools and avoid cross-contamination

First Aid Measures

Inhalation: Move to fresh air; if respiratory irritation occurs, seek medical attention
Skin Contact: Wash affected area with soap and water; seek medical advice if irritation persists
Eye Contact: Rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes; consult physician if irritation develops
Ingestion: Rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting unless directed by a physician; seek medical care immediately

Firefighting Measures

Fire Hazards: Not highly flammable; may decompose on heating emitting toxic fumes
Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, dry chemical, or CO₂ extinguishers
Special Precautions: Firefighters should wear protective equipment and respiratory protection
Decomposition Products: May emit hydrogen chloride and other toxic gases upon combustion