Dipotassium Hydrogen Phosphate (K₂HPO₄)
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Dipotassium Hydrogen Phosphate (also known as dipotassium phosphate, DKP) is an inorganic salt used widely as a buffering agent, emulsifier, and nutritional supplement in various industries. It is a white, crystalline, highly water-soluble powder with alkaline properties. DKP plays a vital role in food processing, pharmaceuticals, water treatment, and agriculture due to its ability to stabilize pH, improve texture, and supply essential potassium and phosphate ions.
Categories: Animal Feed Additives, Emulsifiers, Excipients, Fertilizers, Nutraceutical Ingredients (pharmaceutical), Nutrient Supplements, pH Adjusters
Tags: Agriculture and fertilizers, Dipotassium Hydrogen Phosphate, Inorganic salt, Nutritional supplements, Potassium Phosphate Dibasic, Water treatment chemicals
Description
Table of Contents
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Dipotassium Hydrogen Phosphate (K₂HPO₄) Uses
Primary Uses
- Food & Beverage Industry
- Functions as a buffering agent to control acidity and alkalinity in processed foods and beverages.
- Used as an emulsifier and stabilizer in dairy products like cheese and cream to improve texture and prevent separation.
- Acts as a sequestrant to bind metal ions, thereby enhancing shelf life and flavor stability.
- Used in meat processing as a humectant and water-binding agent to maintain moisture.
- Added to nutritional supplements and infant formulas as a source of potassium and phosphate.
- Pharmaceuticals & Healthcare
- Utilized as a buffering agent in intravenous (IV) fluids and oral rehydration salts to maintain pH stability.
- Serves as an excipient in tablet and capsule formulations for controlled-release mechanisms.
- Used in parenteral nutrition formulations to supply essential electrolytes.
- Agriculture & Fertilizers
- Applied as a potassium and phosphorus fertilizer component to improve soil fertility and promote plant growth.
- Used in hydroponics nutrient solutions as an essential source of potassium and phosphate ions.
- Water Treatment
- Acts as a corrosion inhibitor and pH regulator in boiler water treatment and cooling systems.
- Helps prevent scale formation and corrosion in industrial water systems.
- Industrial Applications
- Used in detergents and cleaning products as a builder and pH regulator.
- Employed in ceramics and textile industries as a buffering agent during processing.
Secondary Uses
- Laboratory Reagent
- Used as a standard buffer component in biochemical and molecular biology experiments.
- Helps maintain stable pH in enzyme assays and protein purification processes.
- Cosmetics
- Included in personal care formulations as a pH adjuster and emulsifier in creams and lotions.
- Animal Feed
Added to animal feed supplements to provide essential minerals and improve nutritional value.
PRODUCT KEY FEATURES
- Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate
- Common/Trade Name: Dipotassium Phosphate, DKP
- CAS Number: 7758-11-4
- HS Code: 2835.39.00
- Molecular Formula: K₂HPO₄
- Synonyms:
- Dipotassium phosphate
- Dipotassium hydrogen orthophosphate
- Potassium phosphate dibasic
- Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: White crystalline powder or granules
- Odor: Odorless
- Melting Point: Decomposes before melting at ~253°C
- Solubility: Highly soluble in water; insoluble in alcohol and ether
- pH (1% solution): Approximately 9–10 (alkaline)
- Stability: Stable under normal storage; hygroscopic
- Safety & Hazard Attributes
- Hazard Class (GHS): Not classified as hazardous
- Toxicity: Low toxicity; generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for food use
- Exposure Limits: No specific occupational limits established
- Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry place in airtight containers to prevent moisture absorption
- Container Type: Paper bags with polyethylene lining, or plastic drums
- Shelf Life: 2–3 years if stored properly
- Handling Precautions: Avoid dust formation; use dust extraction when handling bulk powder
- Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- Approved for use as a food additive and pharmaceutical excipient globally
- Listed in USP, EP, and FCC (Food Chemicals Codex)
- Compliant with REACH and other international chemical regulations
- Environmental & Health Impact
- Ecotoxicity: Low environmental toxicity
- Persistence: Biodegradable and non-persistent
- Bioaccumulation: Not expected
Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not classified
SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS
Safety Handling Precautions
PPE Required:
- Dust mask or respirator (if dust levels are high)
- Safety goggles
- Gloves (nitrile or latex)
- Lab coat or protective clothing
Handling Guidelines:
- Handle in well-ventilated areas to avoid dust inhalation
- Avoid contact with eyes and skin
- Use dust suppression methods during bulk transfer
Storage Measures:
- Keep containers tightly sealed
- Store away from moisture and incompatible substances such as strong acids
- Avoid storage near strong oxidizers
Hygiene Practices:
- Wash hands thoroughly after handling
- Do not eat, drink, or smoke during handling
- Use clean working environment to avoid contamination
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if respiratory irritation occurs
- Skin Contact: Wash with plenty of soap and water; seek medical advice if irritation develops
- Eye Contact: Rinse immediately with water for at least 15 minutes; seek medical attention if irritation persists
- Ingestion: Rinse mouth; generally low toxicity but seek medical advice if large quantities ingested
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Non-flammable and non-combustible
- Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, dry chemical, or CO₂ to extinguish fires in surrounding materials
- Special Precautions: None specific; use standard firefighting procedures
- Decomposition Products: May produce potassium oxides and phosphorus oxides under extreme heat
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