Promethazine

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Promethazine is a first-generation antihistamine with potent sedative, antiemetic, and anticholinergic properties. It is commonly used to treat allergic reactions, nausea, vomiting, motion sickness, and as a sedative or sleep aid. Its broad pharmacological effects make it valuable in both acute and chronic medical settings for symptom relief and prevention

Description

Promethazine

Primary Uses

  1. Allergy Treatment
  • Used to relieve symptoms of allergic conditions such as hay fever, urticaria, and rhinitis.
  • Provides relief from itching, swelling, and rashes.
  1. Antiemetic Therapy
  • Prevents and treats nausea and vomiting caused by motion sickness, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.
  1. Sedation and Sleep Aid
  • Utilized for its sedative effects to manage anxiety, insomnia, and preoperative sedation.
  1. Motion Sickness
  • Administered to prevent and alleviate motion sickness symptoms.

Secondary Use

  1. Anaphylaxis Adjunct
  • Used as part of emergency treatment to control allergic symptoms alongside epinephrine.
  1. Postoperative Nausea
  • Employed to control nausea and vomiting following surgery.
  1. Adjunct in Pain Management
  • Sometimes combined with analgesics to enhance pain relief and reduce nausea.
KEY PRODUCT FEATURES

1. Basic Identification Attributes

  • Chemical Name (IUPAC): N,N-dimethyl-1-(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)propan-2-amine
  • Common/Trade Name: Promethazine
  • CAS Number: 58-33-3
  • HS Code: 2933.99
  • Synonyms: Phenergan, Promethazine hydrochloride

2. Physical & Chemical Properties

  • Physical State: White to off-white crystalline powder
  • Color & Odor: Odorless to faint odor
  • Solubility: Slightly soluble in water; soluble in alcohol and chloroform
  • Melting Point: Approximately 214–217°C

3. Safety & Hazard Attributes

  • GHS Classification: May cause sedation and dizziness; irritant to eyes and skin
  • Toxicity: Moderate; use under medical supervision
  • Exposure Limits: Follow occupational safety guidelines

4. Storage & Handling Attributes

  • Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry place, protected from light
  • Container Type: Sealed glass or plastic containers
  • Shelf Life: Typically 2–3 years
  • Handling Precautions: Avoid inhalation and skin contact

5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes

  • Approved by major pharmacopeias (USP, BP)
  • Regulated as a prescription medication

6. Environmental & Health Impact

  • Biodegradability: Readily biodegradable under environmental conditions
  • Ecotoxicity: Low when disposed properly
  • Bioaccumulation: Not significant
SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS

Safety Handling Precautions

  • PPE Required: Gloves recommended when handling powder or solutions
  • Handling Guidelines: Use in well-ventilated areas; avoid direct contact
  • Storage Measures: Keep containers tightly closed and protected from moisture

First Aid Measures

  • Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if respiratory symptoms develop
  • Skin Contact: Wash thoroughly with soap and water; seek medical advice if irritation persists
  • Eye Contact: Rinse with water for 15 minutes; seek medical help if irritation continues
  • Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; seek emergency medical care immediately

Firefighting Measures

  • Fire Hazards: Combustible under fire conditions
  • Extinguishing Media: Water spray, foam, dry chemical, CO₂
  • Special Precautions: Use protective equipment and breathing apparatus
  • Hazardous Combustion Products: Carbon oxides and nitrogen oxides