Pyrimethamine HCL Micronised
Pyrimethamine HCL Micronised is a finely ground form of pyrimethamine hydrochloride, an antimalarial and antiparasitic drug. The micronised form enhances bioavailability by improving dissolution rate and absorption. It acts by inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase, interfering with folic acid metabolism in protozoa and some bacteria, thus effectively treating malaria and toxoplasmosis. This pharmaceutical-grade compound is used primarily in combination therapies for parasitic infections.
Primary Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
Used as an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in antimalarial medications, often combined with sulfadoxine (e.g., Fansidar) for treating Plasmodium falciparum malaria.
Employed in the treatment of toxoplasmosis, especially in immunocompromised patients.
Utilized in combination therapy for other parasitic infections sensitive to folate pathway inhibition.
Secondary Uses
Veterinary Medicine
Used in veterinary antiparasitic formulations for protozoal infections in animals.
Research & Development
Utilized in pharmaceutical research for new antimalarial drug development and formulation studies.
Used as a reference standard in analytical and pharmacokinetic studies.
Basic Identification Attributes
Chemical Name (IUPAC): 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-ethylpyrimidine-2,4-diamine hydrochloride
Common/Trade Name: Pyrimethamine HCL Micronised
CAS Number: 145-62-8
HS Code: 2933.99.90
Synonyms: Daraprim (brand name), Pyrimethamine hydrochloride
Physical & Chemical Properties
Physical State: Fine white to off-white powder
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water; soluble in dilute acids
Particle Size: Micronised for enhanced dissolution
Molecular Weight: 248.7 g/mol (free base), hydrochloride salt varies slightly
Odor & Color: Odorless; white powder
Safety & Hazard Attributes
GHS Classification: Harmful if swallowed; may cause skin and eye irritation
Toxicity: Moderate toxicity; handle with care to avoid exposure
Exposure Limits: Follow pharmaceutical safety guidelines
Storage & Handling Attributes
Storage Conditions: Store in a tightly closed container in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area protected from light
Container Type: Sealed plastic or glass containers, foil-lined bags
Shelf Life: Typically 2–3 years if stored properly
Handling Precautions: Use gloves, mask, and eye protection; avoid dust inhalation
Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
Complies with USP/NF monograph for pyrimethamine hydrochloride
Manufactured under GMP conditions for pharmaceutical use
Environmental & Health Impact
Biodegradability: Not readily biodegradable
Ecotoxicity: Toxic to aquatic organisms at high concentrations
Bioaccumulation: Not significant
PPE Required: Gloves, dust mask, goggles recommended
Handling Guidelines: Use in well-ventilated areas; avoid skin and eye contact
Storage Measures: Keep containers tightly closed and stored in a dry, cool environment away from light
First Aid Measures
Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms develop
Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water; seek medical advice if irritation persists
Eye Contact: Rinse with plenty of water for 15 minutes; seek medical attention if irritation continues
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; seek immediate medical attention
Firefighting Measures
Fire Hazards: Not highly flammable but may decompose on heating releasing toxic fumes
Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, dry chemical, or COâ‚‚
Special Precautions: Wear protective clothing and self-contained breathing apparatus
Hazardous Combustion Products: Carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides, hydrogen chloride