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Rafoxanide BP Vet
Rafoxanide BP Vet is a halogenated salicylanilide used as a veterinary anthelmintic, specifically effective against liver flukes, gastrointestinal nematodes, and certain ectoparasites in livestock. It works by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation in parasites, disrupting their energy metabolism and leading to their death. Compliant with the British Pharmacopoeia (BP) for veterinary use, Rafoxanide is widely administered to ruminants like cattle, sheep, and goats. It is commonly formulated in oral drenches, boluses, or feed premixes.
Rafoxanide BP Vet
Primary Uses
- Veterinary Medicine
- Anthelmintic for Ruminants:
Used to treat and control fascioliasis (liver fluke infections) caused by Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica in cattle, sheep, and goats. - Nematode Control:
Active against haematophagous nematodes such as Haemonchus contortus and Bunostomum spp. in the gastrointestinal tract. - Ectoparasite Treatment:
Shows efficacy against certain external parasites, including Hypoderma larvae and nasal bots (Oestrus ovis) in sheep. - Preventive Use:
Used prophylactically in fluke-prone grazing regions to prevent fluke infestations in livestock during high-risk seasons.
- Livestock Management
- Enhances overall herd health by eliminating subclinical parasitic burdens that reduce feed efficiency.
- Used in strategic deworming programs to maintain parasite control and prevent resistance development when rotated with other classes of anthelmintics.
Secondary Uses
- Veterinary Formulation Development
- Used as an active ingredient in the development of combination products for broader-spectrum parasitic control (e.g., with levamisole or albendazole).
- Parasitology Research
- Utilized in veterinary and parasitology studies to assess flukicide efficacy and resistance patterns in livestock parasites.
1. Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): 3-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2'-hydroxybenzamide
- Common/Trade Name: Rafoxanide BP Vet
- CAS Number: 22662-39-1
- HS Code: 2933.39.90
- Synonyms: Flukiver; Salicylanilide anthelmintic; Rafoxanide
2. Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: Solid (powder or crystalline substance)
- Color & Odor: Pale yellow to beige; faint odor
- Solubility: Practically insoluble in water; soluble in organic solvents (e.g., acetone, chloroform)
- Molecular Weight: 461.7 g/mol
- Melting Point: ~250°C (decomposes)
3. Safety & Hazard Attributes
- GHS Classification: May cause skin and eye irritation; harmful if swallowed
- Toxicity: Low toxicity to target species at recommended doses; potential for toxicity in overdose
- Exposure Limits: Not established; handle with care using veterinary handling protocols
4. Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in a tightly closed container in a cool, dry place away from light and moisture
- Container Type: Plastic or fiber drums with polyethylene liners
- Shelf Life: Typically 2–3 years under recommended conditions
- Handling Precautions: Avoid dust formation; use appropriate PPE during mixing or formulation
5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- Complies with British Pharmacopoeia (BP) veterinary standards
- Approved for veterinary use in many regions under regulated conditions
- Manufactured in GMP-compliant veterinary pharmaceutical facilities
6. Environmental & Health Impact
- Biodegradability: Slowly biodegradable; persists in manure and pasture
- Ecotoxicity: Toxic to aquatic organisms; avoid contamination of waterways
- Bioaccumulation: Potential for accumulation in aquatic environments if misused
Safety Handling Precautions
- PPE Required: Gloves, dust mask, and eye protection
- Handling Guidelines: Avoid inhalation of dust; avoid contact with skin and eyes
- Storage Measures: Keep containers tightly closed and stored in a dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Remove to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms persist
- Skin Contact: Wash thoroughly with soap and water; seek medical attention for irritation
- Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes; remove contact lenses if present; seek medical help
- Ingestion: Rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting; seek immediate veterinary or medical assistance
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Non-flammable but may decompose at high temperatures releasing toxic gases
- Extinguishing Media: Use dry chemical, foam, or CO₂; avoid direct water spray
- Special Precautions: Wear protective gear and self-contained breathing apparatus
- Hazardous Combustion Products: Hydrogen chloride, carbon oxides, fluorinated compounds
Related products
Cetirizine Hydrochloride
Cetirizine Hydrochloride is a widely used second-generation antihistamine effective for treating allergic conditions such as allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and other allergy symptoms. It is the hydrochloride salt form of cetirizine, existing as a white to off-white crystalline powder with a slightly bitter taste. Cetirizine HCl acts by selectively blocking peripheral H1 histamine receptors, thereby reducing allergic symptoms without significant sedation or central nervous system depression. It is commonly formulated into tablets, syrups, and capsules as an active pharmaceutical ingredient.
Dicyclomine Hydrochloride
Dicyclomine Hydrochloride is an anticholinergic and antispasmodic agent used primarily to relieve smooth muscle spasms in the gastrointestinal tract. It works by blocking muscarinic receptors, thereby reducing muscle contractions and spasms, which helps alleviate symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and other functional bowel disorders. It is commonly available in oral tablets, capsules, and injectable formulations.
Enrofloxacin Hydrochloride
Enrofloxacin Hydrochloride is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic used primarily in veterinary medicine. It is the hydrochloride salt of enrofloxacin, offering enhanced solubility and bioavailability. Enrofloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, disrupting DNA replication in Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms as well as some Mycoplasma species. It is available as a white to off-white crystalline powder, used in injectable, oral, and topical formulations designed for livestock, companion animals, and aquatic species.
Levamisole Hcl BP2000
Levamisole Hcl BP2000 is a white to off-white crystalline powder, soluble in water, with anthelmintic and immunomodulatory properties. It is primarily used as a veterinary antiparasitic agent effective against gastrointestinal nematodes in livestock. Levamisole HCL BP2000 conforms to British Pharmacopoeia standards, ensuring high purity and quality for pharmaceutical and veterinary formulations. Beyond veterinary uses, it is also researched for immunostimulant properties in medical applications.
Methyl Salicylate BP
Methyl Salicylate BP is a clear, colorless to pale yellow oily liquid with a characteristic strong, sweet, and minty odor. It is an organic ester commonly used for its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and flavoring properties. Methyl Salicylate is widely used in pharmaceutical preparations, topical pain relief products, cosmetics, and as a fragrance ingredient.
Metronidazole BP
Metronidazole BP is a benzoate ester derivative of metronidazole, used primarily as an antiprotozoal and antibacterial agent. It is a prodrug that hydrolyzes in the body to release metronidazole, making it more palatable for pediatric and geriatric oral suspensions. It complies with the British Pharmacopoeia (BP) standards for purity and efficacy.
Miconazole Nitrate BP
Miconazole Nitrate BP is a high-purity, pharmaceutical-grade antifungal agent conforming to British Pharmacopoeia (BP) specifications. It is widely used in the formulation of topical and oral pharmaceutical products for the treatment of fungal infections caused by dermatophytes and yeasts, including Candida species. Miconazole Nitrate functions by inhibiting the biosynthesis of ergosterol, a vital component of fungal cell membranes, leading to cell death.
This white to off-white crystalline powder is highly effective and exhibits broad-spectrum antifungal and some antibacterial activity. It is commonly utilized in creams, ointments, powders, and gel formulations.
Neomycin Sulphate BP Oral
Neomycin Sulphate BP Oral is an aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from Streptomyces fradiae. It is used primarily for treating infections caused by susceptible aerobic gram-negative and some gram-positive bacteria. The oral form is especially utilized for intestinal antisepsis, to reduce bacterial flora before gastrointestinal surgery, or to treat hepatic encephalopathy by decreasing ammonia-producing bacteria in the gut. It is available in powder or tablet form conforming to British Pharmacopoeia (BP) standards, ensuring high purity and efficacy.
