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Sulphadoxine
Sulphadoxine BP is a long-acting synthetic sulfonamide antibiotic used primarily in combination therapies for treating malaria and certain bacterial infections. Its prolonged half-life makes it suitable for single-dose treatments and prophylaxis. The British Pharmacopoeia (BP) 98% grade ensures pharmaceutical-grade purity, making it suitable for incorporation into human and veterinary medicinal formulations.
Sulphadoxine
Primary Uses
- Human Medicine
- Antimalarial Agent: Primarily used in combination with pyrimethamine (as Fansidar) for treatment and prophylaxis of malaria, especially Plasmodium falciparum infections.
- Antibacterial Agent: Occasionally used to treat bacterial infections susceptible to sulfonamides, particularly in tropical regions.
- Veterinary Medicine
- Antimicrobial Agent: Used in combination therapies for prevention and treatment of protozoal and bacterial infections in livestock.
Secondary Uses
- Research & Development
- Pharmaceutical Studies: Used in pharmacokinetic and formulation research for antimalarial and sulfonamide drugs.
- Drug Resistance Monitoring: Utilized in studies monitoring drug resistance patterns in malaria parasites.
- Public Health Programs
- Mass Drug Administration: Employed in malaria-endemic regions as part of public health interventions.
1. Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): 4-Amino-N-(5,6-dimethoxy-4-pyrimidinyl)benzenesulfonamide
- Common/Trade Name: Sulphadoxine BP 98
- CAS Number: 2447-57-6
- HS Code: 2941.20.00
- Synonyms: Sulfadoxine, Sulphadoxine
2. Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: White crystalline powder
- Color & Odor: White; odorless to faint sulfur-like odor
- Melting Point: 190–194 °C
- Solubility: Slightly soluble in water; soluble in alkaline solutions and organic solvents
- Density: Approx. 1.5 g/cm³
3. Safety & Hazard Attributes
- GHS Classification: May cause allergic skin reactions and serious hypersensitivity reactions
- Toxicity: Moderate toxicity; risk of severe adverse reactions like Stevens-Johnson syndrome
- Exposure Limits: No specific occupational limits; handle with care
4. Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from light and moisture
- Container Type: Sealed HDPE or glass containers
- Shelf Life: 24 months under recommended storage conditions
- Handling Precautions: Avoid dust generation; use PPE such as gloves and masks
5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- Complies with British Pharmacopoeia (BP) standards
- Manufactured under Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP)
- Approved for use in antimalarial combination therapies by relevant regulatory authorities
6. Environmental & Health Impact
- Biodegradability: Limited biodegradability under aerobic conditions
- Ecotoxicity: Potentially toxic to aquatic organisms; avoid environmental release
- Bioaccumulation: Not significant
Safety Handling Precautions
- PPE Required: Gloves, protective clothing, and dust masks recommended
- Handling Guidelines: Use in well-ventilated areas; avoid inhalation and skin contact
- Storage Measures: Keep containers tightly closed and dry
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Remove to fresh air; seek medical attention if respiratory symptoms develop
- Skin Contact: Wash thoroughly with soap and water; discontinue use if irritation occurs
- Eye Contact: Rinse eyes with water for at least 15 minutes; seek medical help if irritation persists
- Ingestion: Rinse mouth and seek medical advice promptly
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Combustible solid
- Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, dry chemical, or CO₂ extinguishers
- Hazardous Combustion Products: Carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides
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Diloxanide Furoate
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Diphenhydramine HCL BP
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Ichthammol BP98
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Ivermectin BP Vet
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Norfloxacin
Norfloxacin is a synthetic broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic used primarily to treat bacterial infections. It works by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes essential for DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination, leading to bacterial cell death. Norfloxacin is effective against various Gram-negative and some Gram-positive bacteria and is commonly used in urinary tract infections, prostatitis, and gastroenteritis.
Piperazine Citrate BP
Piperazine Citrate BP is a pharmaceutical-grade anthelmintic compound used primarily for the treatment of intestinal worm infections, especially ascariasis (roundworms) and enterobiasis (pinworms). It works by paralyzing the worms, allowing them to be expelled naturally from the body through bowel movements. Piperazine Citrate is included in the British Pharmacopoeia (BP) and is known for its safety, efficacy, and wide use in both human and veterinary medicine.
