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Urea

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Urea is a highly water-soluble organic compound widely used as a nitrogen-release fertilizer in agriculture. It serves as a key source of nitrogen for plant growth and development. Apart from agriculture, urea is utilized in various industrial applications such as resin production, animal feed, and chemical manufacturing. Its high nitrogen content and easy handling make it a versatile and essential raw material in multiple sectors.

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Description

Primary Uses
Agriculture

Nitrogen Fertilizer: Provides a concentrated and readily available nitrogen source to improve crop yields and soil fertility.

Foliar Feeding: Used in foliar sprays for rapid nutrient absorption by plants.

Soil Conditioner: Helps in correcting nitrogen deficiency and improving soil nutrient balance.

Chemical Industry

Resin Production: Raw material for manufacturing urea-formaldehyde and melamine-formaldehyde resins used in adhesives, laminates, and molding compounds.

Admixtures: Used in the synthesis of various chemicals, including fertilizers and pharmaceuticals.

 

Secondary Uses
Animal Feed

Added as a non-protein nitrogen source in ruminant feed to enhance microbial protein synthesis in the rumen.

Automotive Industry

Used in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems as diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions from diesel engines.

Medical and Laboratory Applications

Used in diagnostic reagents and as a protein denaturant in laboratories.

Cosmetics and Personal Care

Incorporated as a moisturizer and skin-conditioning agent in creams and lotions.

PRODUCT KEY FEATURES

Chemical Name (IUPAC): Carbamide

Common/Trade Name: Urea

CAS Number: 57-13-6

HS Code: 3102.10.00

Synonyms: Carbamide, Carbonyl diamide

 

Physical & Chemical Properties
Physical State: White crystalline solid or prills

Color & Odor: Colorless to white; odorless

Melting Point: 132.7 °C (decomposes)

Solubility: Highly soluble in water; soluble in alcohol and slightly soluble in ether

Density: Approximately 1.32 g/cm³

 

Safety & Hazard Attributes
GHS Classification: Not classified as hazardous under normal handling

Toxicity: Low toxicity; may cause mild irritation to skin and eyes

Exposure Limits: No specific occupational exposure limits established; standard hygiene practices recommended

 

Storage & Handling Attributes
Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from moisture and incompatible substances

Container Type: Bags, bulk containers, or drums

Shelf Life: Typically 12-24 months when stored properly

Handling Precautions: Avoid moisture absorption and dust formation; use protective equipment to minimize dust inhalation

 

Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
Complies with major chemical regulatory frameworks such as REACH and TSCA

Manufactured according to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) ensuring consistent quality

Meets international fertilizer standards for agricultural use

 

Environmental & Health Impact
Biodegradability: Biodegradable and breaks down into ammonia and carbon dioxide

Ecotoxicity: Low toxicity to aquatic life when diluted; excessive nitrogen can cause eutrophication

Bioaccumulation: Not significant

SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS

PPE Required: Gloves, dust mask, and eye protection recommended during handling

Handling Guidelines: Use adequate ventilation to prevent dust accumulation

Storage Measures: Keep containers tightly closed and dry

 

First Aid Measures
Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if respiratory symptoms develop

Skin Contact: Wash thoroughly with soap and water

Eye Contact: Flush eyes with water for at least 15 minutes; seek medical attention if irritation persists

Ingestion: Rinse mouth; drink water; seek medical advice if large quantities are ingested

 

Firefighting Measures
Fire Hazards: Urea is non-flammable but decomposes at high temperatures releasing toxic gases

Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, or dry chemical extinguishers

Hazardous Combustion Products: Nitrogen oxides, ammonia, and cyanuric acid may be released during decomposition

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