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Disodium Phosphate
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Disodium Phosphate, also known as sodium phosphate dibasic, is an inorganic compound widely used for its buffering, emulsifying, and chelating properties. It commonly appears as a white, odorless crystalline powder or granules that are highly soluble in water and alkaline in nature. Disodium Phosphate plays a vital role in regulating pH, improving stability in formulations, and providing essential sodium and phosphate ions. It finds extensive use across food processing, pharmaceuticals, water treatment, agriculture, and industrial applications.
Description
Disodium Phosphate Uses
Primary UsesÂ
Food & Beverage Industry
- Functions as a pH regulator and buffering agent in processed foods and beverages.
- Used as an emulsifier and stabilizer in dairy products such as cheese and powdered milk.
- Acts as a sequestrant to prevent metal ion-catalyzed oxidation and rancidity.
- Enhances moisture retention and improves the texture of meat and seafood products.
- Serves as a leavening agent in baking powders when combined with acidic components.
- Added to nutritional supplements and fortified foods as a source of sodium and phosphate.
Pharmaceuticals & Healthcare
- Used as a buffering agent in injectable drugs, oral solutions, and rehydration salts.
- Functions as an excipient in tablets to improve compressibility and release characteristics.
- Incorporated into parenteral nutrition formulations to deliver essential electrolytes.
- Applied in dental hygiene products like toothpaste and mouthwash for tartar control.
Water Treatment
- Helps control pH and prevents scaling and corrosion in boiler water and cooling systems.
- Used to soften water by sequestering calcium and magnesium ions.
- Serves as a dispersing agent to maintain even particle distribution in water systems.
Agriculture & Fertilizers
- Supplies essential phosphate nutrients in fertilizers and soil conditioners.
- Utilized in hydroponic systems to maintain phosphate levels for optimal plant growth.
Industrial Applications
- Employed in detergents and cleaners as a builder to enhance cleaning efficiency and pH balance.
- Used in ceramic and textile industries as a dispersing and buffering agent.
- Assists in paper manufacturing by improving the brightness and retention of pigments.
Secondary UsesÂ
Laboratory Reagent
- Used to prepare buffer solutions in biochemical, enzymatic, and molecular biology research.
- Maintains pH during analytical and diagnostic procedures.
Cosmetics & Personal Care
- Functions as a pH adjuster and chelating agent in formulations like creams, shampoos, and lotions.
- Helps stabilize emulsions and prevent degradation of active ingredients.
Animal Feed
- Added to animal feed premixes to provide a bioavailable source of phosphate and sodium.
Supports bone development and metabolic processes in livestock and poultry.
PRODUCT KEY FEATURES
Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): Disodium hydrogen phosphate
- Common/Trade Name: Disodium Phosphate
- CAS Number: 7558-79-4
- HS Code: 2835.25.00
- Molecular Formula: Na₂HPO₄·xH₂O (can be anhydrous or hydrated: dihydrate, heptahydrate, etc.)
- Synonyms:
- Sodium phosphate dibasic
- Disodium hydrogen phosphate
- Sodium hydrogen phosphate
Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: White crystalline powder or granules
- Odor: Odorless
- Melting Point: Decomposes at ~100–200°C depending on hydration
- Solubility: Highly soluble in water; insoluble in alcohol
- pH (1% aqueous solution): Approximately 8.0–10.0
- Stability: Stable under recommended storage; hygroscopic in nature
Safety & Hazard Attributes
- Hazard Class (GHS): Not classified as hazardous
- Toxicity: Low toxicity; generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for food use
- Exposure Limits: No specific occupational exposure limits defined
Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area; protect from moisture
- Container Type: Paper or fiber bags with polyethylene liners, HDPE drums
- Shelf Life: Typically 2–3 years if properly stored
- Handling Precautions: Minimize dust formation; avoid contact with eyes and skin
Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- Approved for use in food, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products worldwide
- Listed in USP, EP, BP, and FCC (Food Chemicals Codex)
- Compliant with REACH, FDA, and other international chemical standards
Environmental & Health Impact
- Ecotoxicity: Low potential for aquatic toxicity
- Persistence: Biodegradable and not persistent in the environment
- Bioaccumulation: Not expected
Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic or mutagenic
SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS
-
Safety Handling Precautions
PPE Required:
- Dust mask or respirator (for dusty environments)
- Safety goggles
- Gloves (nitrile or latex)
- Protective lab coat or apron
Handling Guidelines:
- Work in a well-ventilated space
- Avoid inhaling dust or allowing it to contact eyes or skin
- Use appropriate containment during transfer
Storage Measures:
- Keep container sealed and dry
- Avoid exposure to moisture and strong acids
- Store in a corrosion-resistant area away from incompatible substances
Hygiene Practices:
- Wash hands thoroughly after use
- Avoid eating, drinking, or smoking while handling
- Maintain a clean workspace to prevent contamination
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if irritation persists
- Skin Contact: Wash thoroughly with soap and water; seek medical help if irritation occurs
- Eye Contact: Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes; consult a physician if irritation continues
- Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water; generally non-toxic in small amounts, but seek medical attention if large quantities are ingested
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Non-combustible; does not support combustion
- Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, dry chemical, or COâ‚‚ depending on the surrounding fire
- Special Precautions: Use appropriate protective gear
Decomposition Products: May release sodium oxides and phosphorus oxides under extreme heat
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Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate, also known as sodium phosphate dibasic, is an inorganic salt widely used as a buffering agent, emulsifier, and food additive. It appears as a white, odorless crystalline powder or granules that are highly soluble in water and alkaline in nature. It plays a crucial role in maintaining pH balance, stabilizing formulations, and supplying essential sodium and phosphate ions in various industries including food, pharmaceuticals, water treatment, and agriculture.
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