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Gentamycin Sulphate
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Gentamycin Sulphate is an aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from Micromonospora purpurea and Micromonospora griseorubida. It appears as a white or off-white crystalline powder, highly soluble in water, with a characteristic aminoglycoside odor. Gentamycin Sulphate is widely used in human and veterinary medicine for its broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against aerobic Gram-negative and some Gram-positive bacteria. It works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis through binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit, leading to bacterial cell death. Due to its effectiveness against severe infections and multi-drug resistant strains, it is an essential antibiotic in clinical settings.
Description
Gentamycin Sulphate
Primary Uses
- Medical and Veterinary Therapeutics
- Used systemically (intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous) to treat serious infections caused by susceptible strains, including septicemia, respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, abdominal infections, bone and joint infections, and skin infections.
- Applied topically in ointments, creams, and eye drops for localized infections such as burns, wounds, otitis externa, and conjunctivitis.
- Commonly combined with other antibiotics for synergistic effects in complicated infections, especially against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli, Klebsiella, and Staphylococcus aureus.
- Veterinary use includes treatment of bacterial infections in livestock, poultry, and companion animals, such as mastitis, respiratory diseases, and skin infections.
- Pharmaceutical Industry
- Used as an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in the manufacture of injectable solutions, topical formulations, ophthalmic preparations, and ear drops.
- Incorporated in combination drug therapies to broaden antimicrobial spectrum and reduce resistance development.
- Research and Development
- Employed as a standard antibiotic in microbiological research for susceptibility testing and antimicrobial studies.
- Used in development of new formulations and drug delivery systems including liposomal and nanoparticle carriers for enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity.
Secondary Uses
- Agricultural Applications
- Occasionally used in aquaculture to control bacterial diseases in fish farming (where permitted by regulations).
- Industrial Microbiology
- Used in contamination control in cell culture and bioprocessing environments.
PRODUCT KEY FEATURES
- Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name: Gentamycin Sulphate
- Common/Trade Name: Gentamycin Sulphate
- CAS Number: 1405-41-0
- HS Code: 2941.30
- Molecular Formula: Mixture of gentamicin components (C21H43N5O7·H2SO4 for sulfate salt)
- Synonyms: Gentamicin Sulfate, Gentamycin Sulfate, Gentamicin Sulphate
- Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: Crystalline powder
- Color & Odor: White to off-white; slight characteristic odor
- Solubility: Highly soluble in water; insoluble in organic solvents like ethanol and ether
- pH: Typically 3.0–5.5 (1% aqueous solution)
- Stability: Stable under dry conditions; sensitive to light and heat; degrades in strong acidic or alkaline media
- Safety & Hazard Attributes
- Hazard Class (GHS): Harmful if swallowed; may cause respiratory sensitization and skin or eye irritation
- Toxicity: Nephrotoxic and ototoxic potential at high doses or prolonged use; requires medical supervision
- Exposure Limits: Occupational exposure limits vary; follow institutional safety guidelines
- Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in tightly sealed containers, protected from moisture, heat, and light
- Container Type: Amber glass or plastic containers with moisture-proof sealing
- Shelf Life: Typically 24 months under recommended storage
- Handling Precautions: Use appropriate PPE to avoid inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact; handle in well-ventilated areas
- Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- Approved by WHO, FDA, EMA, and other global regulatory authorities for human and veterinary use
- Listed in the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines
- Subject to prescription and controlled distribution due to antibiotic resistance concerns
- Environmental & Health Impact
- Biodegradability: Slowly biodegradable; environmental persistence possible
- Ecotoxicity: Toxic to aquatic organisms; avoid environmental release
- Bioaccumulation: Not expected to bioaccumulate significantly
- Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic or mutagenic
SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS
- Safety Handling Precautions
- PPE Required: Gloves, safety goggles, lab coat, and mask recommended
- Handling Guidelines: Avoid inhalation of dust or aerosols; prevent skin and eye contact
- Storage Measures: Keep containers tightly closed; store away from incompatible materials
- Hygiene Practices: Wash hands thoroughly after handling; avoid eating, drinking, or smoking in work areas
- First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if respiratory symptoms develop
- Skin Contact: Wash immediately with soap and water; seek medical advice if irritation persists
- Eye Contact: Rinse eyes thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes; consult a physician if irritation continues
- Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; seek immediate medical attention
- Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Not flammable; may decompose to produce toxic gases under fire conditions
- Extinguishing Media: Water spray, foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide (CO₂)
- Special Precautions: Firefighters should wear protective equipment and self-contained breathing apparatus
- Decomposition Products: Carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides@
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