Boric Acid
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Boric Acid, chemically known as hydrogen borate or boracic acid, is a weak, monobasic Lewis acid of boron. It appears as a white, crystalline powder or granules that are odorless and slightly soluble in water. Boric Acid is commonly used in antiseptics, insecticides, flame retardants, and as a buffering agent in various industrial and pharmaceutical applications. Due to its mild antiseptic and antifungal properties, it is often used in ophthalmic, dermatologic, and other personal care formulations. It also plays a key role in glass and ceramics manufacturing as well as in agriculture.
Categories: Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs), Admixtures, Analytical Reagents, Anti-Corrosion Coatings, Antiseptics and Disinfectants, Bleaching Agents, Bleaching Agents, Builders, Disinfectants and Biocides, Flame Retardants, Pesticides (Herbicides, Insecticides, Fungicides), pH Adjusters, Soil Conditioners
Tags: Antiseptic and antibacterial agent, Glass and ceramics manufacturing, Hydrogen borate, Insecticide, Mild antiseptic, pH buffer in cosmetic, Pharmaceutical ingredient, White crystalline powder
Description
Primary Uses
- Pharmaceuticals and Medical
- Used as an antiseptic for minor burns, cuts, and wounds.
- Formulated in eyewashes and solutions for treating eye infections (boric acid eye wash).
- Incorporated in antifungal powders and ointments for skin infections such as athlete’s foot and candidiasis.
- Pest Control
- Utilized as an insecticide and pesticide, particularly effective against ants, cockroaches, termites, and fleas.
- Industrial Applications
- Used in the manufacture of borosilicate glass, ceramics, and fiberglass due to its thermal and chemical resistance properties.
- Acts as a flame retardant in plastics, textiles, and cellulose insulation.
- Cosmetics and Personal Care
- Functions as a buffering agent and pH stabilizer in cosmetics and skin care products.
- Acts as an anti-fungal agent in foot powders and bath salts.
- Agriculture
- Applied as a micronutrient to supply boron, essential for plant growth and reproductive development.
Secondary Uses
- Laboratory and Analytical
- Used as a reagent and buffering agent in chemical laboratories.
- Component in buffer solutions for biological and chemical research.
- Water Treatment
- Utilized to control pH and bacterial growth in cooling towers and water systems.
- Household Products
- Ingredient in some detergents, soaps, and cleaning agents.
PRODUCT KEY FEATURES
Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): Boric acid (Hydrogen borate)
- Common/Trade Name: Boric Acid
- CAS Number: 10043-35-3
- HS Code: 2810.00.00
- Molecular Formula: H3BO3
- Synonyms:
- Orthoboric acid
- Boracic acid
- Acidum boricum
- Boron trioxide hydrate
2. Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: Crystalline powder or granules
- Color & Odor: White; odorless
- Melting Point: 169.5 °C (decomposes)
- Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
- Density: Approx. 1.435 g/cm³
- Solubility: Slightly soluble in cold water (~5.3 g/L at 25 °C); more soluble in hot water; soluble in alcohol and glycerol
- pH: Weakly acidic (pH ~5.1 in 0.1M solution)
- Vapor Pressure: Negligible
- Stability: Stable under normal conditions; decomposes at high temperature
3. Safety & Hazard Attributes
- Hazard Class (GHS):
- Eye irritant (Category 2A)
- Reproductive toxicity (Category 1B) — chronic exposure risks
- NFPA Ratings:
- Health: 2
- Flammability: 0
- Reactivity: 0
- Exposure Limits:
- OSHA PEL: Not established
- ACGIH TLV: 2 mg/m³ (inhalable dust)
- Toxicity: Low acute toxicity; chronic exposure can affect reproductive health
- Reactivity: Stable; reacts with strong bases and reducing agents
4. Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials (strong bases, reducing agents)
- Container Type: Sealed plastic or glass containers to prevent moisture uptake
- Shelf Life: Typically 2–3 years if stored properly
- Special Handling: Avoid dust generation; use PPE when handling powder
5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- FDA Status: Approved for limited pharmaceutical and cosmetic use with restrictions due to toxicity concerns
- Environmental Regulations: Listed under REACH; subject to workplace exposure regulations
- Transportation: Not classified as hazardous material
- Waste Disposal: Dispose in accordance with local regulations; avoid environmental release
6. Environmental & Health Impact
- Ecotoxicity: Moderate toxicity to aquatic life at high concentrations
- Persistence: Inorganic, does not biodegrade
- Bioaccumulation: Low potential for bioaccumulation
- Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic or mutagenic
- Biodegradability: Not biodegradable
SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS
Safety Handling Precautions
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
- Gloves
- Safety goggles
- Dust mask or respirator (when handling powder)
- Protective clothing
Handling Measures:
- Avoid inhalation, ingestion, and eye or skin contact
- Use in well-ventilated areas
- Minimize dust formation
Storage Measures:
- Keep containers tightly closed
- Protect from moisture and incompatible substances
Hygiene Practices:
- Wash hands thoroughly after handling
- Do not eat, drink, or smoke during handling
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms persist
- Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water; remove contaminated clothing
- Eye Contact: Rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes; seek medical advice if irritation persists
- Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water; do not induce vomiting; seek medical attention
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Non-flammable
- Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, dry chemical, or CO₂ for surrounding fire
- Special Precautions: Firefighters should wear full protective gear and respiratory protection if needed
- Decomposition Products: May release boron oxides and toxic fumes when heated
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