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Bronopol
Bronopol (2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol) is a water-soluble, white crystalline powder or granules with a slight odor. It is a synthetic antimicrobial agent widely used as a preservative in personal care products, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and industrial applications. Bronopol exhibits broad-spectrum bactericidal and fungicidal activity, making it effective against a wide range of microorganisms. It works by releasing active formaldehyde slowly, which disrupts microbial metabolism and reproduction.
Bronopol
Primary Uses
- Personal Care & Cosmetics
- Used as a preservative in shampoos, conditioners, lotions, creams, and other cosmetic formulations to inhibit bacterial and fungal growth.
- Helps extend shelf life and maintain product integrity by preventing microbial contamination.
- Pharmaceuticals
- Employed as a preservative in topical pharmaceutical formulations such as ointments and eye drops.
- Industrial Applications
- Used as a biocide in paper mills, cooling water systems, and other industrial water treatment to control microbial growth and biofilm formation.
- Applied in leather tanning and textile processing to prevent microbial degradation.
Secondary Uses
- Household Products
- Incorporated in cleaning agents and detergents as a preservative and antimicrobial agent.
- Agriculture
- Occasionally used in seed treatment formulations to control fungal contamination.
1. Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): 2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol
- Common/Trade Name: Bronopol
- CAS Number: 52-51-7
- HS Code: 2924.99.90
- Molecular Formula: C3H6BrNO4
- Synonyms:
- Bronopol
- 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol
- BNPD
2. Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: Crystalline powder or granules
- Color & Odor: White; slight characteristic odor
- Melting Point: 130–132°C (decomposes)
- Boiling Point: Not applicable (decomposes)
- Density: Approx. 1.8 g/cm³
- Solubility: Soluble in water; insoluble in most organic solvents
- pH: Slightly acidic to neutral in aqueous solution
- Stability: Stable under recommended storage; decomposes under alkaline conditions or heat
3. Safety & Hazard Attributes
- Hazard Class (GHS): Skin irritant; may cause serious eye irritation; harmful if swallowed
- NFPA Ratings:
- Health: 2
- Flammability: 1
- Reactivity: 1
- Exposure Limits: No specific OSHA limits; avoid inhalation and skin contact
- Toxicity: Moderate toxicity; can cause skin sensitization and allergic reactions in some individuals
- Reactivity: Reactive with strong acids, bases, and oxidizing agents
4. Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances
- Container Type: Sealed plastic or glass containers, corrosion-resistant
- Shelf Life: Typically 2–3 years if stored properly
- Special Handling: Avoid dust formation; use PPE; handle in well-ventilated areas
5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- FDA Status: Approved for limited use in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals as a preservative
- REACH Registration: Registered under EU regulations
- Transportation: Not classified as hazardous for transport under normal conditions
- Waste Disposal: Dispose of as chemical waste in accordance with local regulations
6. Environmental & Health Impact
- Ecotoxicity: Moderately toxic to aquatic organisms; avoid release into waterways
- Persistence: Degrades slowly in the environment
- Bioaccumulation: Low potential for bioaccumulation
- Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic; some concern for mutagenicity at high concentrations
- Biodegradability: Partial biodegradability under aerobic conditions
Safety Handling Precautions
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
- Gloves
- Protective goggles
- Dust mask or respirator if dust exposure is likely
- Protective clothing
Handling Measures:
- Avoid inhalation, ingestion, and skin or eye contact
- Use local exhaust ventilation to minimize dust
- Work in well-ventilated areas
Storage Measures:
- Keep containers tightly closed
- Protect from moisture, heat, and incompatible materials
Hygiene Practices:
- Wash hands thoroughly after handling
- Do not eat, drink, or smoke in work areas
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if breathing difficulties occur
- Skin Contact: Wash immediately with soap and water; seek medical advice if irritation develops
- Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for at least 15 minutes; seek immediate medical attention
- Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; rinse mouth and seek medical attention immediately
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Combustible; emits toxic gases on decomposition
- Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, dry chemical, or CO₂ as appropriate
- Special Precautions: Firefighters should wear full protective gear and SCBA
- Decomposition Products: May produce bromine, nitrogen oxides, and other toxic fumes when heated
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Propyl paraben
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Propyl Paraben Sodium BP
Propyl Paraben Sodium BP is the sodium salt derivative of propyl paraben, widely used as an effective antimicrobial preservative. It offers improved water solubility compared to propyl paraben and is commonly employed in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food products to inhibit the growth of bacteria, molds, and yeasts, thereby extending shelf life and ensuring product safety.
Santophene( 4-chloro-2-Benzyl phenol)
Santophene (4-chloro-2-benzylphenol) is a chlorinated phenolic compound used primarily as a biocide and preservative in various industrial applications. It exhibits strong antimicrobial properties, effectively controlling the growth of bacteria, fungi, and algae. This compound is widely applied in coatings, paints, wood preservation, and water treatment to protect materials from microbial degradation and extend their service life.
Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate
Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) is a white crystalline powder used primarily as a disinfectant, sanitizer, and biocide. It is a stable, slow-releasing chlorine compound effective against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Widely applied in water treatment, swimming pool sanitation, food processing, and healthcare, it provides long-lasting antimicrobial activity. Its high chlorine content and ease of handling make it an essential chemical for hygiene and sterilization applications.
Sodium Metabisulphite
Sodium Metabisulphite is a white crystalline powder widely used as an antioxidant, disinfectant, and preservative. It dissolves readily in water, releasing sulfur dioxide, which acts as a powerful antimicrobial and antioxidant agent. This chemical finds broad applications in food processing, water treatment, pharmaceuticals, and industrial manufacturing to prevent spoilage, control microbial growth, and protect equipment from corrosion.
