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Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
Vitamin B3 Niacin, also known as Niacin or Nicotinic Acid, is a water-soluble vitamin essential for energy metabolism and enzymatic reactions in the body. It plays a key role in the synthesis of coenzymes NAD and NADP, which are critical for cellular respiration and DNA repair. Niacin is widely used in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, food fortification, and animal nutrition to prevent niacin deficiency and support overall health.
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
Primary Uses
- Pharmaceutical Industry
- Nutritional Supplement: Used in tablets, capsules, and injections to treat and prevent niacin deficiency, including pellagra.
- Lipid Regulation: Utilized as a therapeutic agent to improve cholesterol levels and reduce cardiovascular risk.
- Food & Beverage Industry
- Fortification Agent: Added to cereals, flour, and beverages to enhance nutritional value and prevent deficiencies in populations.
- Nutraceuticals & Dietary Supplements
- Incorporated in multivitamin and B-complex supplements for energy metabolism, skin health, and neurological function.
Secondary Uses
- Animal Nutrition
- Feed Additive: Used in livestock and poultry feeds to promote growth, improve feed efficiency, and prevent deficiency.
- Cosmetics
- Ingredient in skin care products for its role in improving skin elasticity and reducing redness.
- Research & Development
- Applied in studies related to metabolic disorders, cardiovascular health, and vitamin therapy.
1. Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): Pyridine-3-carboxylic acid
- Common/Trade Name: Niacin, Vitamin B3
- CAS Number: 59-67-6
- HS Code: 2922.49.00
- Synonyms: Nicotinic acid, Vitamin PP, Niacin
2. Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: White to pale yellow crystalline powder
- Color & Odor: White to pale yellow; odorless or slight acidic odor
- Solubility: Soluble in water; sparingly soluble in alcohol
- Melting Point: 237 °C (decomposes)
- Density: Approx. 1.5 g/cm³
3. Safety & Hazard Attributes
- GHS Classification: Not classified as hazardous under normal use
- Toxicity: Low toxicity; safe within recommended doses
- Exposure Limits: No specific occupational exposure limits established
4. Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from light and moisture
- Container Type: Sealed containers or bags
- Shelf Life: 24 months under proper storage conditions
- Handling Precautions: Avoid dust formation and exposure to moisture
5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- Complies with USP, BP, and other pharmacopeial standards
- Manufactured under GMP to ensure consistent quality and safety
- Approved for pharmaceuticals, dietary supplements, and food fortification
- Meets international regulatory requirements
6. Environmental & Health Impact
- Biodegradability: Biodegradable under normal environmental conditions
- Ecotoxicity: Low environmental impact
- Bioaccumulation: Not significant
Safety Handling Precautions
- PPE Required: Gloves and dust mask recommended during handling
- Handling Guidelines: Use adequate ventilation; avoid inhalation of dust
- Storage Measures: Keep containers tightly closed and dry
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if irritation persists
- Skin Contact: Wash thoroughly with soap and water
- Eye Contact: Flush eyes with water for 15 minutes; seek medical advice if irritation continues
- Ingestion: Rinse mouth; obtain medical advice if large amounts ingested
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Combustible solid
- Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, or dry chemical extinguishers
- Hazardous Combustion Products: May produce carbon oxides and nitrogen oxides upon combustion
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