Ammonium Cupric Chloride

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Ammonium Cupric Chloride is a blue-green crystalline inorganic compound composed of copper, ammonium, and chloride ions. It is widely used as a source of copper in agricultural fungicides and bactericides, as well as in electroplating, chemical synthesis, and textile dyeing. Its antimicrobial properties make it valuable for controlling fungal and bacterial infections in plants. Additionally, it serves as a precursor in various industrial and laboratory applications.

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Categories: AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS, Disinfectants and Biocides, Electronic Chemicals, Leaching Agents, MINING CHEMICALS, Pesticides (Herbicides, Insecticides, Fungicides), SPECIALTY AND FINE CHEMICALS, WATER TREATMENT CHEMICALS Tags: Ammonium cupric chloride, Etching solution for printed circuit boards, Oxidizing Agent, Textile printing chemical

Description

Table of Contents Toggle
- Uses
  - Primary Uses
  - Secondary Uses
Uses

Primary Uses

Agriculture – Fungicide and Bactericide

Used extensively as a copper-based fungicide and bactericide for crops such as fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants.
Controls fungal diseases like blight, mildew, and leaf spots by releasing copper ions toxic to fungal spores and bacteria.
Applied as a foliar spray or soil treatment to protect plants and improve yield.

Electroplating Industry

Utilized as a source of copper ions in electroplating baths to deposit copper coatings on metals, enhancing corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity.
Often part of copper sulfate and chloride plating solutions.

Chemical Synthesis & Catalysis

Employed in organic synthesis reactions as a catalyst or reagent.
Used in laboratory preparations involving copper complexes.

Textile & Leather Processing

Acts as a mordant in dyeing processes, helping fix dyes on fabrics for improved color fastness.
Used in leather tanning as an antimicrobial agent.

Secondary Uses

Water Treatment

Sometimes used in water treatment formulations to control microbial growth in industrial water systems.

Wood Preservation

Occasionally incorporated in wood preservatives to inhibit fungal decay and insect attack.

Research & Analytical Chemistry

Used as a reagent in qualitative and quantitative analysis of copper and chloride ions.

PRODUCT KEY FEATURES

1. Basic Identification Attributes

Chemical Name (IUPAC): Ammonium cupric chloride
Common/Trade Names: Ammonium copper(II) chloride, Cupric ammonium chloride
CAS Number: 1332-75-4 (varies with exact compound composition)
HS Code: 2843.40.00
Molecular Formula: Often represented as [Cu(NH3)4]Cl2 or variations depending on complex
Synonyms: Tetraamminecopper(II) chloride, Cupric ammonium chloride complex

2. Physical & Chemical Properties

Physical State: Crystalline solid
Color & Odor: Blue-green crystals, odorless
Melting Point: Decomposes before melting, generally >200°C
Boiling Point: Not applicable (decomposes)
Density: Approx. 2.4–2.7 g/cm³ (varies with hydration)
Solubility: Soluble in water; insoluble in organic solvents
pH Level: Slightly acidic to neutral in aqueous solution
Vapor Pressure: Negligible
Flash Point: Non-flammable
Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions; sensitive to light and moisture

3. Safety & Hazard Attributes

Hazard Class (GHS): Harmful if swallowed; causes skin and eye irritation; toxic to aquatic life
NFPA Ratings: Health 2, Flammability 0, Reactivity 1
Exposure Limits: No specific OSHA PEL; copper dust exposure limits generally 1 mg/m³
Reactivity: Stable but reacts with strong acids or bases; releases toxic copper ions
Incompatible Materials: Strong reducing agents, bases, and oxidizers

4. Storage & Handling Attributes

Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from sunlight and moisture
Container Type: Sealed plastic or glass containers to avoid corrosion
Shelf Life: Typically 2–3 years if kept dry and sealed
Special Handling: Use gloves and protective eyewear; avoid inhalation of dust or aerosols

5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes

Regulatory Status: Regulated under chemical safety and pesticide regulations; approval varies by country for agricultural use
Transportation: Classified as hazardous for transport due to copper content (consult local regulations)
Waste Disposal: Dispose of as hazardous waste due to heavy metal content, following local environmental guidelines

6. Environmental & Health Impact

Ecotoxicity: Highly toxic to aquatic organisms and algae; potential for bioaccumulation of copper ions
Persistence: Copper ions persist in soil and water, can accumulate in sediments
Carcinogenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic, but prolonged exposure to copper compounds can have health risks

Biodegradability: Inorganic; not biodegradable but copper ions can be immobilized by environmental processes

SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS

Safety Handling Precautions

PPE: Wear gloves, safety goggles, protective clothing, and dust masks to prevent skin and eye contact and inhalation.
Handling: Avoid dust generation; work in well-ventilated areas or use local exhaust ventilation.
Storage: Keep container tightly closed, store in dry conditions away from incompatible materials.
Hygiene: Wash hands thoroughly after handling; do not eat, drink, or smoke in handling areas.

First Aid Measures

Inhalation: Move to fresh air immediately; seek medical attention if symptoms like coughing or difficulty breathing occur.
Skin Contact: Wash skin with plenty of water; remove contaminated clothing; seek medical advice if irritation develops.
Eye Contact: Rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes; consult a physician if irritation persists.
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; rinse mouth and seek immediate medical attention.

Firefighting Measures

Fire Hazards: Non-flammable but may decompose at high temperature releasing toxic copper and chlorine fumes.
Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, dry chemical, or CO₂ for surrounding fires.

Special Precautions: Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) due to toxic fumes.