Butanol

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Butanol  (also known as n-Butanol or Normal Butanol) is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild, alcoholic odor. It is a four-carbon primary alcohol with the chemical formula C4H10O. Butanol is moderately soluble in water and miscible with many organic solvents. Its physical and chemical properties make it a versatile solvent and chemical intermediate. Butanol  indicates a high purity grade often used in industrial, pharmaceutical, and chemical synthesis applications.

Description

Primary Uses

  1. Industrial Solvent

    • Used as a solvent in the manufacture of coatings, paints, adhesives, and inks.

    • Serves as a solvent in the production of plastics and plasticizers.

  2. Chemical Intermediate

    • Employed in the synthesis of butyl acrylate, butyl acetate, and other esters.

    • Utilized in producing glycol ethers and other specialty chemicals.

  3. Pharmaceuticals

    • Acts as a solvent or extraction agent in pharmaceutical manufacturing processes.

    • Used in formulations requiring high purity solvents.

  4. Fuel Additive

    • Sometimes blended with gasoline or other fuels to improve combustion properties.

Secondary Uses

  1. Cosmetics and Personal Care

    • Used as a solvent in some fragrances and nail care products.

  2. Laboratory Reagent

    • Commonly used as a reagent or solvent in chemical laboratories for synthesis and analysis.

  3. Agricultural Chemicals

    • Ingredient in some pesticide formulations as a carrier solvent.

PRODUCT KEY FEATURES

1. Basic Identification Attributes

  • Chemical Name (IUPAC): Butan-1-ol

  • Common/Trade Names: Butanol 99.4%, n-Butanol, Normal Butanol

  • CAS Number: 71-36-3

  • HS Code: 2905.14.00

  • Molecular Formula: C4H10O

  • Molecular Weight: 74.12 g/mol

  • Synonyms:

    • 1-Butanol

    • n-Butyl alcohol

    • Normal butanol

    • Butyl alcohol

2. Physical & Chemical Properties

  • Physical State: Clear, colorless liquid

  • Odor: Mild, alcoholic odor

  • Boiling Point: 117.7 °C

  • Melting Point: -89.8 °C

  • Density: 0.81 g/cm³ at 20 °C

  • Flash Point: 35 °C (closed cup)

  • Solubility: Slightly soluble in water (~7.7 g/100 mL at 20 °C); miscible with alcohol, ether, and organic solvents

  • Vapor Pressure: 6.6 kPa at 20 °C

  • Refractive Index: 1.397

3. Safety & Hazard Attributes

  • Hazard Class (GHS): Flammable Liquid, Category 3

  • NFPA Ratings:

    • Health: 2

    • Flammability: 3

    • Reactivity: 0

  • Exposure Limits:

    • OSHA PEL: 100 ppm (TWA)

    • ACGIH TLV: 20 ppm (TWA)

  • Toxicity: Moderate toxicity; exposure may cause CNS effects, irritation to eyes and respiratory tract

  • Reactivity: Stable under normal conditions; avoid strong oxidizers

4. Storage & Handling Attributes

  • Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat and ignition sources

  • Container Type: Airtight metal or chemical-resistant containers

  • Shelf Life: 2–3 years under proper storage conditions

  • Special Handling: Use grounding and bonding to prevent static discharge; avoid inhalation of vapors and prolonged skin contact

5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes

  • Regulatory Status: Listed under REACH, TSCA, and other major chemical inventories

  • Transportation: Classified as a flammable liquid under DOT, IMDG, and IATA

  • Waste Disposal: Dispose of according to local, state, and federal hazardous waste regulations

6. Environmental & Health Impact

  • Ecotoxicity: Harmful to aquatic organisms; avoid release into the environment

  • Persistence: Readily biodegradable

  • Bioaccumulation: Low potential for bioaccumulation

  • Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic or mutagenic

SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS

 Safety Handling Precautions

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

  • Chemical-resistant gloves

  • Safety goggles or face shield

  • Protective clothing (lab coat or apron)

  • Respiratory protection if ventilation is inadequate

Handling Measures:

  • Avoid inhalation of vapors and contact with skin or eyes

  • Use in well-ventilated areas

  • Ground and bond containers to prevent static discharge

Storage Measures:

  • Keep containers tightly closed

  • Store away from heat, sparks, open flames, and incompatible materials

Hygiene Practices:

  • Wash hands thoroughly after handling

  • Do not eat, drink, or smoke in the work area

 

First Aid Measures

  • Inhalation: Move person to fresh air immediately; seek medical attention if symptoms persist

  • Skin Contact: Wash affected area thoroughly with soap and water; seek medical help if irritation occurs

  • Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for at least 15 minutes; obtain medical attention if irritation continues

  • Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water; do not induce vomiting; seek immediate medical care

 

Firefighting Measures

  • Fire Hazards: Highly flammable liquid and vapor; vapors can travel to ignition sources and flash back

  • Extinguishing Media: Use alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical powder, COâ‚‚, or water spray

  • Special Precautions: Firefighters should wear full protective gear and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)

  • Decomposition Products: May emit toxic fumes including carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide under fire conditions