Prop BH N Propanol Technical Grade Amaris Chemicals

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N-Propanol

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N-Propanol, also known as n-Propyl Alcohol or 1-Propanol, is a clear, colorless, low-viscosity liquid with a characteristic mild alcohol-like odor. It is a primary alcohol with the molecular formula C₃H₈O, fully miscible with water and common organic solvents such as alcohols, ketones, ethers, glycols, and hydrocarbons. This high-purity, semi-volatile, polar solvent serves as both a versatile solvent and a chemical intermediate across multiple industrial sectors. N-Propanol has a flash point of 15–23°C and is classified as a highly flammable liquid. Technical grade N-Propanol is manufactured for industrial applications and is not intended for direct human consumption unless specifically certified as USP or Food Grade.

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Description

Table of Contents

N-Propanol

Primary Uses

1. Printing Inks and Graphic Arts

Solvent in flexographic and gravure printing ink formulations due to its excellent solvency, mild odor profile, and rapid evaporation rate
Used in overprint varnishes and coating systems for packaging applications
Component in fountain solutions for lithographic printing processes

2. Paints and Coatings

Solvent in industrial coatings, wood finishes, and automotive refinish paints where controlled evaporation is required
Used in coil coatings, can coatings, and metal decorating applications
Coalescing agent in water-based coating formulations

3. Cleaning and Detergent Chemicals

Industrial degreasing solvent for removing oils, greases, and fluxes from metal surfaces and electronic components
Component in precision cleaning formulations for optics, lenses, and medical devices
Used in household and industrial hard surface cleaners

4. Specialty and Fine Chemicals

Chemical intermediate in the production of n-propyl acetate, n-propyl amines, and n-propyl halides
Feedstock for the synthesis of propyl parabens used as preservatives
Solvent in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and dyestuffs

5. Cosmetic and Personal Care Chemicals

Solvent in fragrances, hair care products, and skin care formulations where rapid evaporation is desired
Used as a viscosity-reducing agent in cosmetic formulations

Secondary Uses

1. Laboratory Chemicals

General purpose solvent for chemical synthesis, extraction, and chromatography applications
Used as a cleaning solvent for laboratory glassware and equipment

2. Pharmaceutical Chemicals

Processing solvent in the manufacture of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and intermediates
Used in tablet coating formulations where rapid drying is required

3. Electronics Industry

Cleaning solvent for printed circuit boards and electronic components
Used in the formulation of photoresist strippers and developer solutions

4. Adhesives and Sealants

Solvent for pressure-sensitive adhesives, contact adhesives, and laminating adhesives
Used to adjust viscosity in adhesive formulations

5. Textile Chemicals

Scouring and cleaning agent for textile processing
Used in dyeing and finishing applications as a solvent carrier

6. Agricultural Chemicals

Co-solvent in pesticide and herbicide formulations
Used in the synthesis of certain crop protection chemicals

KEY PRODUCT FEATURES

1. Basic Identification Attributes

Chemical Name (IUPAC): Propan-1-ol
Common/Trade Name: N-Propanol; n-Propyl Alcohol; 1-Propanol; Propyl Alcohol
CAS Number: 71-23-8
HS Code: 2905.12
Molecular Formula: C₃H₈O
Molecular Weight: 60.10 g/mol
Synonyms:
- 1-Propyl alcohol
- Ethyl carbinol
- Optal
- Osmosol extra

2. Physical & Chemical Properties

Physical State: Clear liquid
Color & Odor: Colorless; characteristic mild alcohol-like odor
Boiling Point: 97–98°C
Melting Point: -126°C
Flash Point: 15–23°C (closed cup)
Auto-ignition Temperature: 371°C
Density: 0.803–0.805 g/cm³ at 20°C
Vapor Pressure: 20 hPa at 20°C
Viscosity: 2.26 cP at 20°C
Solubility: Miscible with water, ethanol, acetone, diethyl ether, and most organic solvents
Evaporation Rate: 0.8 (n-butyl acetate = 1)
Surface Tension: 23.8 mN/m at 20°C
Refractive Index: 1.384–1.386 at 20°C
Purity: ≥ 99.5% (typical technical grade)

3. Safety & Hazard Attributes

GHS Classification:
- H225: Highly flammable liquid and vapor
- H318: Causes serious eye damage
- H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness
Toxicity: Moderate acute toxicity; LD₅₀ oral rat: 1,870–2,800 mg/kg
Irritation: Causes serious eye irritation and may cause respiratory tract irritation
Exposure Limits:
- OSHA PEL: 200 ppm (TWA)
- ACGIH TLV: 200 ppm (TWA), 250 ppm (STEL)
Flammability: Highly flammable; vapor may form explosive mixtures with air

4. Storage & Handling Attributes

Storage Conditions: Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat sources, sparks, and open flames. Ground containers during transfer to prevent static discharge.
Container Type: Steel drums, HDPE drums, IBC totes, or bulk storage tanks
Shelf Life: 24–36 months when stored under recommended conditions
Handling Precautions:
- Use explosion-proof electrical equipment
- Ensure adequate ventilation or local exhaust
- Avoid breathing vapors
- Avoid contact with eyes and skin
- Keep away from sources of ignition
Storage Measures: Store in a dedicated flammable liquids storage area; separate from oxidizing agents

5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes

Regulatory Status:
- TSCA (USA): Listed
- DSL (Canada): Listed
- EINECS/ELINCS (EU): 200-746-9
- REACH: Registered for industrial use
- FDA: 21 CFR 175.105, 175.300, 176.180 – approved for food-contact applications
Labeling Requirements: Must carry GHS flammable and health hazard pictograms
Transport Classification:
- UN Number: 1274
- Class: 3 (Flammable liquid)
- Packing Group: II

6. Environmental & Health Impact

Biodegradability: Readily biodegradable (OECD 301)
Ecotoxicity: Low to moderate toxicity to aquatic organisms; LC₅₀ fish: > 100 mg/L
Bioaccumulation: Low potential for bioaccumulation (log Kow = 0.25)
VOC Status: Volatile organic compound; subject to VOC regulations in many jurisdictions

SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS

1. Safety Handling Precautions

PPE Required:
- Eyes: Chemical splash goggles or face shield
- Skin: Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile, butyl rubber), chemical-resistant apron
- Respiratory: Use NIOSH-approved organic vapor respirator if ventilation is inadequate
- Body: Flame-resistant clothing in handling areas
Handling Guidelines:
- Use in well-ventilated areas with explosion-proof equipment
- Ground all containers during transfer
- Avoid generation of static electricity
- Prevent release to environment
- Do not use near open flames or hot surfaces
Storage Measures:
- Store in approved flammable liquids storage cabinets or areas
- Maintain temperature below 40°C
- Keep away from strong oxidizing agents (peroxides, chromates, nitric acid)
- Secondary containment recommended
Hygiene Practices:
- Wash hands thoroughly after handling
- Remove contaminated clothing and launder before reuse
- Do not eat, drink, or smoke in handling areas

2. First Aid Measures

Inhalation: Move person to fresh air immediately. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If not breathing, perform artificial respiration. Seek medical attention if symptoms (dizziness, drowsiness, headache) persist.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing immediately. Rinse skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Wash with soap and water. Seek medical attention if irritation develops.
Eye Contact: Immediately rinse eyes with lukewarm, gently flowing water for at least 15 minutes while holding eyelids open. Remove contact lenses if present. Seek immediate medical attention.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth thoroughly with water. Do NOT induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs naturally, keep head low to prevent aspiration. Seek immediate medical attention.

3. Firefighting Measures

Fire Hazards: Highly flammable liquid and vapor. Vapor may travel to distant ignition sources and flash back. Vapors are heavier than air and may accumulate in low areas.
Flash Point: 15–23°C
Auto-ignition Temperature: 371°C
Flammable Limits: Lower: 2.1%; Upper: 13.5%
Extinguishing Media: Alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray or fog
Special Firefighting Procedures:
- Wear full protective clothing and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)
- Use water spray to cool exposed containers and disperse vapors
- Fight fire from protected location or maximum distance
- Contain firefighting runoff to prevent environmental contamination
Hazardous Combustion Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, acrid smoke