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Aluminum ammonium sulfate, also known as ammonium alum or just alum, is a chemical compound with the formula (NH4)Al(SO4)2·12H2O. It's a white crystalline solid commonly used in water purification, leather tanning, and as a mordant in dyeing textiles. In water purification, alum acts as a coagulant to remove impurities by causing suspended particles to clump together, making it easier for filtration to remove them. In leather tanning, it helps to stabilize the leather by tightening the collagen fibers. And in dyeing textiles, alum helps the dye adhere to the fabric. However, it's important to note that excessive exposure to aluminum compounds like alum can be harmful, so it's typically used with caution and proper safety measures.

An ammonia solution is a solution of ammonia (NH3) gas dissolved in water. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a pungent odor and a basic pH. The concentration of ammonia in the solution can vary, and is typically expressed in terms of percent by weight or by volume. Ammonia solutions are commonly used in a variety of applications, including cleaning agents, fertilizers, and as a precursor to other chemicals. They are also used in industrial processes such as refrigeration, gas purification, and water treatment. Ammonia solutions can be dangerous if not handled properly, as they are highly corrosive and can release toxic fumes if mixed with certain chemicals

Sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) is an inorganic compound that is commonly used as a photographic fixer, as well as in medical and industrial applications. It is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in water and has a mild odor. In photography, sodium thiosulfate is used to remove unexposed silver halide from photographic prints and negatives, making the image permanent. In medicine, it is used as an antidote for cyanide poisoning, and in industrial applications, it is used as a reducing agent, a dechlorinating agent, and in water treatment processes.