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Iodised Salt
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Iodised Salt is table salt (sodium chloride) fortified with a small, controlled amount of iodine, typically in the form of potassium iodate or potassium iodide. It appears as fine white crystalline granules, odorless, and with a characteristic salty taste. The addition of iodine helps prevent iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) such as goiter, mental impairment, and developmental abnormalities. Iodised Salt is widely used in households, food processing, and animal nutrition to ensure adequate dietary iodine intake.
Description
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Iodised Salt
Primary Uses
- Human Nutrition
- Essential dietary source of iodine to prevent iodine deficiency disorders including goiter, hypothyroidism, cretinism, and cognitive impairments.
- Used universally as table salt for seasoning and food preservation in households and commercial kitchens.
- Incorporated in processed foods to maintain iodine intake across populations.
- Food Industry
- Added to packaged and processed foods (baked goods, snacks, ready meals) as a fortified salt ingredient.
- Used in food preservation and curing processes to extend shelf life and improve flavor while providing iodine supplementation.
- Animal Nutrition
- Supplemented in livestock and poultry feed formulations to prevent iodine deficiency and related health problems.
- Used in mineral licks and salt blocks for grazing animals.
- Public Health Programs
- Central to national iodine deficiency elimination programs worldwide via universal salt iodization (USI).
- Distributed in iodised salt form during humanitarian aid and nutrition supplementation campaigns.
Secondary Uses
- Industrial Uses
- Used in some industrial salt applications where iodisation is required for regulatory compliance or specific product formulations.
- Occasionally applied in water softening systems and brine solutions, although less common due to added iodine.
- Pharmaceutical Industry
- Used as a raw material in pharmaceutical formulations requiring sodium chloride with iodine content.
- Employed in preparation of oral rehydration salts (ORS) and electrolyte supplements with iodine.
- Cosmetics and Personal Care
- Occasionally incorporated into skin cleansing and bath salts for mild antiseptic benefits from iodine content.
KEY ATTRIBUTES
- Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): Sodium chloride with potassium iodate or potassium iodide
- Common/Trade Name: Iodised Salt; Iodized Table Salt
- CAS Number: 7647-14-5 (NaCl) with added iodate/iodide
- HS Code: 2501.00.00
- Synonyms: Fortified salt; iodated salt
- Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: Granular crystalline powder
- Color & Odor: White; odorless
- Particle Size: Typically 150–300 microns
- Solubility: Highly soluble in water
- Iodine Content: Typically 15–50 ppm (mg/kg) iodine as potassium iodate or iodide
- Taste: Characteristic salty taste
- Stability: Stable under dry conditions; iodine may degrade if exposed to moisture and heat
- Safety & Hazard Attributes
GHS Classification:
- Generally recognized as safe for consumption; not hazardous under normal use
Toxicity:
- Safe at recommended levels; excessive iodine intake can cause thyroid dysfunction
Exposure Limits:
- No specific occupational limits for iodised salt; handle as general food-grade material
- Storage & Handling Attributes
Storage Conditions:
- Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area in airtight containers to prevent iodine loss and moisture absorption
Container Type:
- Food-grade plastic or paper bags, sealed containers
Shelf Life:
- Typically 2–3 years when stored properly
Handling Precautions:
- Avoid contamination with moisture and foreign materials
- Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- Complies with WHO and national regulations on iodine fortification of salt
- Approved as food additive and nutrient supplement by FDA, EFSA, Codex Alimentarius
- Labeling must indicate iodine content and additives
- Environmental & Health Impact
- Biodegradability: Fully biodegradable; sodium chloride and iodine compounds degrade naturally
- Ecotoxicity: Minimal environmental impact at normal disposal levels
- Bioaccumulation: Not applicable
- Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not classified
SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS
- Safety Handling Precautions
PPE Required:
- Generally none required for food handling; gloves recommended in bulk industrial handling
Handling Guidelines:
- Avoid moisture exposure and contamination
- Maintain good hygiene practices
Storage Measures:
- Keep containers sealed and dry
- First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Not applicable; avoid inhaling dust
- Skin Contact: Wash with water if irritation occurs (rare)
- Eye Contact: Rinse with water if dust gets into eyes
- Ingestion: Safe for consumption in recommended amounts; seek medical advice if excessive intake suspected
- Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Non-flammable
- Extinguishing Media: Use standard fire extinguishing methods for surrounding fire
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