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Liquid Chlorine
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 Liquid Chlorine is a pale yellow-green, highly reactive chemical primarily composed of chlorine dissolved in water or as liquefied chlorine gas under pressure. It is widely used as a powerful disinfectant, bleaching agent, and oxidizer in water treatment, sanitation, and various industrial applications. Due to its strong antimicrobial properties, liquid chlorine effectively controls bacteria, viruses, algae, and other microorganisms, ensuring safe potable water and hygienic conditions.
Description
Liquid Chlorine
Primary UsesÂ
- Water Treatment and Disinfection
- Used extensively in municipal and industrial water treatment plants to disinfect drinking water and wastewater by eliminating pathogenic microorganisms.
- Applied in swimming pools and recreational water facilities to maintain hygienic, algae-free water conditions.
- Bleaching Agent
- Employed in the paper and pulp industry for bleaching wood pulp to produce white paper products.
- Used in textile manufacturing for bleaching fabrics and yarns to achieve desired whiteness and brightness.
- Industrial Oxidizer
- Acts as a strong oxidizing agent in chemical manufacturing processes such as the production of solvents, pesticides, and other chlorine-based chemicals.
- Sanitization and Sterilization
- Utilized in food processing plants and dairies to sanitize equipment and surfaces, ensuring compliance with hygiene standards.
- Used in cooling towers and industrial systems to control microbial growth and biofilm formation.
Secondary Uses
- Disinfection in Aquaculture
- Applied in fish farms and aquaculture facilities to reduce pathogenic microbial load and improve water quality.
- Odor Control
- Used to neutralize unpleasant odors in wastewater treatment and solid waste management operations.
- Chemical Intermediate
- Serves as a precursor or reagent in producing various chlorine-containing compounds and specialty chemicals.
- Agricultural Applications
- Occasionally used for disinfecting irrigation water and agricultural equipment to prevent disease spread.
PRODUCT KEY FEATURES
- Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): Chlorine (aqueous solution or liquefied gas)
- Common/Trade Name: Liquid Chlorine; Chlorine Solution; Chlorine Gas (liquefied)
- CAS Number: 7782-50-5
- HS Code: 2801.20.00
- Synonyms: Chlorine liquid; Liquefied chlorine; Chlorine solution
- Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: Pale yellow-green liquid (under pressure) or aqueous solution
- Odor: Pungent, characteristic chlorine odor
- Boiling Point: -34.04 °C (for pure chlorine gas)
- Density: Approximately 1.2 g/cm³ (liquid chlorine)
- Solubility: Moderately soluble in water, forming hypochlorous acid and hydrochloric acid
- Reactivity: Highly reactive and corrosive, strong oxidizer
- Safety & Hazard Attributes
- GHS Classification:
- Acute toxicity (Category 3)
- Skin corrosion/irritation (Category 1B)
- Serious eye damage/eye irritation (Category 1)
- Specific target organ toxicity (single exposure) – respiratory tract irritation (Category 3)
- Toxicity: Highly toxic by inhalation; corrosive to skin and eyes
- Exposure Limits:
- OSHA PEL: 1 ppm (8-hour TWA)
- ACGIH TLV: 0.5 ppm (8-hour TWA)
- Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions:
- Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials such as ammonia, organic compounds, and flammable substances
- Use corrosion-resistant containers and equipment designed for chlorine handling
- Container Type:
- Cylinders or tanks made of compatible materials (e.g., steel with appropriate lining)
- Shelf Life:
- Stable under recommended storage conditions; monitor regularly for leaks or corrosion
- Handling Precautions:
- Use in well-ventilated areas or with proper respiratory protection
- Avoid skin and eye contact; handle with appropriate PPE
- Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- Complies with OSHA, EPA, and international standards for chlorine use and storage
- Subject to hazardous material transportation and storage regulations
- Labeling must clearly indicate corrosive and toxic nature
- Environmental & Health Impact
- Biodegradability: Not applicable (elemental chlorine decomposes rapidly)
- Ecotoxicity: Highly toxic to aquatic life; avoid environmental release
- Bioaccumulation: Not significant
- Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic
SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS
- Safety Handling Precautions
- PPE Required: Full protective clothing including chemical-resistant gloves, goggles or face shield, and respiratory protection when handling large volumes
- Handling Guidelines:
- Handle only with trained personnel
- Use containment systems to avoid accidental release
- Employ emergency eyewash and shower stations nearby
- Storage Measures:
- Segregate from incompatible substances
- Ensure secure storage to prevent leaks or accidental exposure
- First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air immediately; administer oxygen or artificial respiration if needed; seek urgent medical attention
- Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing; wash skin thoroughly with water; seek medical advice for burns or irritation
- Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for at least 15 minutes; seek emergency medical treatment
- Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; rinse mouth with water; seek immediate medical care
- Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Non-flammable but supports combustion; reacts violently with many substances releasing toxic gases
- Extinguishing Media: Use water spray or fog to absorb chlorine gas and cool containers; do not use dry chemicals or foam alone
- Special Precautions: Firefighters must wear full protective gear and self-contained breathing apparatus
- Hazardous Combustion Products: Chlorine gas, hydrogen chloride, and other toxic fumes
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