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Piperazine Citrate BP
Piperazine Citrate BP is a pharmaceutical-grade anthelmintic compound used primarily for the treatment of intestinal worm infections, especially ascariasis (roundworms) and enterobiasis (pinworms). It works by paralyzing the worms, allowing them to be expelled naturally from the body through bowel movements. Piperazine Citrate is included in the British Pharmacopoeia (BP) and is known for its safety, efficacy, and wide use in both human and veterinary medicine.
Piperazine Citrate BP
Primary Uses
- Human Pharmaceutical Use
- Anthelmintic agent for treatment of:
- Enterobiasis (pinworm infection)
- Ascariasis (roundworm infection)
- Often used in pediatric deworming due to its mild action and safety profile.
- Formulated in oral syrups, tablets, and powders for suspension.
- Veterinary Medicine
- Used in deworming companion animals (dogs, cats) and livestock (pigs, poultry, sheep).
- Administered orally in powder or liquid form.
- Effective in treating gastrointestinal nematodes in animals.
- Public Health and Mass Deworming Programs
- Included in school-based deworming initiatives and community health campaigns in endemic areas.
- Favored for its affordability and low toxicity.
- Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
- Used as an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in anthelmintic formulations.
- Complies with BP standards ensuring identity, purity, and potency.
Secondary Uses
- Research & Laboratory Use
- Utilized in parasitology studies to understand nematode neuromuscular function.
- Serves as a reference standard in drug quality control testing.
- Formulation Base
- Sometimes used as a base compound for combination therapies with other anthelmintics (e.g., albendazole or mebendazole).
- Alternative Deworming in Sensitive Patients
- Selected for patients with allergies or contraindications to other deworming agents.
1. Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): Piperazine-1,4-diium citrate
- Common/Trade Name: Piperazine Citrate
- CAS Number: 144-29-6
- HS Code: 2933.59.90 (Heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen)
- Synonyms: Diacid piperazine salt; Piperazine dihydrogen citrate
2. Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: Crystalline powder
- Color & Odor: White or almost white; odorless
- Solubility: Freely soluble in water; insoluble in alcohol and ether
- pH (1% solution): ~4.0–5.0
- Molecular Formula: C10H20N2·C6H8O7
- Molecular Weight: Approx. 324.34 g/mol
3. Safety & Hazard Attributes
- GHS Classification: Generally not hazardous under normal use
- Toxicity: Low; well-tolerated even in pediatric patients
- Overdose Risk: Mild symptoms such as nausea or dizziness if overdosed
- Exposure Limits: Not specifically established; handle with care
4. Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in a tightly closed container in a cool, dry place (15–25°C)
- Container Type: Sealed pharmaceutical-grade containers or drums
- Shelf Life: 2–3 years under recommended conditions
- Handling Precautions: Avoid contact with moisture; use gloves and dust mask when handling in bulk
5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- Complies with:
- British Pharmacopoeia (BP)
- WHO Essential Medicines List (for anthelmintics)
- GMP standards for pharmaceutical production
- Approved for human and veterinary use in many countries
6. Environmental & Health Impact
- Biodegradability: Readily biodegradable
- Ecotoxicity: Low environmental impact when used and disposed of properly
- Bioaccumulation: Not expected
- Allergenic Potential: Very low
Safety Handling Precautions
- PPE Required: Gloves, mask, and eye protection when handling large quantities
- Handling Guidelines: Minimize dust generation; ensure proper ventilation in bulk processing areas
- Storage Measures: Store in a dry, sealed container; protect from light and moisture
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms persist
- Skin Contact: Wash with water and soap; discontinue use if irritation develops
- Eye Contact: Rinse thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes; seek medical help if discomfort continues
- Ingestion (Accidental or Overdose): Drink water; do not induce vomiting; consult a healthcare provider immediately
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Non-flammable
- Extinguishing Media: Water spray, dry chemical, or CO₂
- Special Precautions: Avoid inhalation of combustion fumes
- Hazardous Combustion Products: May produce nitrogen oxides and carbon oxides in extreme heat
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Hydrocortisone Base BP 93 Micro
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Neomycin Sulphate BP Oral
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