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Sodium Starch Glycolate
Sodium Starch Glycolate (SSG) is a white to off-white, odorless, tasteless powder derived from potato or maize starch and chemically modified with carboxymethylation and cross-linking. It has the chemical formula (C₆H₁₀O₅)nNa and is widely used in solid dosage pharmaceutical formulations as a superdisintegrant. This 25kg grade is supplied in high-purity pharmaceutical and food-grade quality, offering excellent swelling capacity and rapid disintegration properties even at low concentrations.
Sodium Starch Glycolate
Primary Uses
- Pharmaceutical Industry
- Tablet Disintegrant: Promotes rapid breakup of tablets in the gastrointestinal tract for improved bioavailability.
- Capsule Disintegrant: Enhances dissolution of active ingredients in hard and soft gelatin capsules.
- Granule Disintegrant: Used in multi-particulate systems such as sachets or sprinkle formulations.
- Direct Compression Formulations: Enhances flowability and compressibility of powder blends.
- Modified Release Formulations: Used in fast-dissolving or orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs).
- Effervescent Tablets: Facilitates rapid dissolution along with effervescence.
- Nutraceutical Tablets: Widely used in dietary supplements, vitamins, and herbal tablets.
- Food Industry
- Food Additive: Used as a processing aid or disintegrant in chewable dietary supplements.
- Carrier for Flavors or Nutrients: Occasionally employed to aid dispersion of encapsulated flavors.
- Starch Replacement: In limited food-grade applications for specialty powder formulations.
- Cosmetic & Personal Care
- Powdered Cosmetic Products: Improves texture, spreadability, and moisture absorption in talc substitutes or facial powders.
- Topical Tablets or Patches: Disintegrates rapidly when exposed to moisture, aiding in rapid release of actives.
- Veterinary Medicine
- Animal Tablets and Boluses: Used in pet or livestock tablets to enhance disintegration in digestive tract.
- Nutritional Supplements for Animals: Aids in dispersion of vitamins and minerals.
Secondary Uses
- Industrial Applications
- Binder/Disintegrant in Specialty Chemicals: Occasionally used in powder-pressed catalysts or enzymatic tablets.
- Biodegradable Plastics Additive: Explored in biopolymer formulations for improving disintegration profile.
- Agricultural Products
- Seed Coatings (Experimental): Enhances moisture activation in germination-accelerating coatings.
- Pesticide Tablet Formulations: Used as a disintegrant in slow-release pesticide tablets.
- Research & Laboratory
- Drug Formulation Testing: Common excipient in pharmaceutical formulation development.
- In-vitro Dissolution Studies: Utilized in the design of model tablets for research applications.
1. Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): Sodium salt of a carboxymethyl ether of starch
- Common/Trade Name: Sodium Starch Glycolate (SSG)
- CAS Number: 9005-25-8 (starch base), 9063-38-1 (SSG)
- HS Code: 3505.10.00
- Synonyms: Carboxymethyl starch sodium salt, Cross-linked carboxymethyl starch sodium
2. Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: Free-flowing hygroscopic powder
- Color & Odor: White to off-white; odorless
- Solubility: Practically insoluble in water; swells extensively
- Moisture Content: ≤10%
- Particle Size: 90% < 100 µm (typical)
- pH (1% dispersion): 5.5–7.5
- Swelling Capacity: Can swell 20–30 times its weight in water
3. Safety & Hazard Attributes
- GHS Classification: Not classified as hazardous
- Toxicity: LD₅₀ (oral, rat) > 5000 mg/kg
- Exposure Limits: Not established; general dust exposure limits apply
- Allergen Status: Derived from non-gluten sources (e.g., potato or maize)
4. Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated area; protect from moisture
- Container Type: 25kg fiber drums or multi-wall paper bags with polyethylene liner
- Shelf Life: 24–36 months in original sealed packaging
- Handling Precautions: Avoid dust generation; use in controlled environments
5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- Pharmacopoeia Compliance:
- USP/NF, Ph.Eur, JP, IP compliant grades available
- Food Additive Status: Approved for food supplement use in several jurisdictions
- REACH Exempt (natural polymer)
- GRAS Status: Generally Recognized as Safe for intended uses
- Halal, Kosher, and Non-GMO Grades: Available from specific suppliers
6. Environmental & Health Impact
- Biodegradability: Fully biodegradable
- Ecotoxicity: Not harmful to aquatic or terrestrial life
- Bioaccumulation: Not expected
- Aquatic Impact: Negligible at typical use concentrations
Safety Handling Precautions
- PPE Required: Dust mask, gloves, safety goggles in bulk handling
- Handling Guidelines: Use dust control systems; avoid inhalation
- Storage Measures: Store in sealed packaging; avoid exposure to humidity
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical help if symptoms persist
- Skin Contact: Wash with water; no known irritation
- Eye Contact: Rinse thoroughly with water; seek help if irritation occurs
- Ingestion: Non-toxic; rinse mouth and drink water if large amount is ingested
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Combustible dust in large quantities
- Extinguishing Media: Water spray, dry chemical, foam
- Hazardous Combustion Products: Carbon oxides (CO, CO₂)
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