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Sodium Thiosulphate
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Sodium Thiosulphate (Na₂S₂O₃) is a white, crystalline, odorless powder or granular solid highly soluble in water. This 25kg packaged chemical is widely used in photographic processing, water treatment, chemical synthesis, and medicine. Known for its reducing and complexing properties, it acts as an effective dechlorinating agent and fixer in photography by dissolving silver halides. It is stable under normal conditions and easily handled for industrial and laboratory applications.
Description
Sodium Thiosulphate
Primary Uses
- Photographic Industry
- Fixer Agent: Removes unreacted silver halides from photographic emulsions, stabilizing the image.
- Water Treatment
- Dechlorination: Neutralizes chlorine and chloramine in drinking and wastewater.
- Heavy Metal Precipitation: Used to precipitate heavy metals and reduce toxicity.
- Chemical Industry
- Reducing Agent: Employed in chemical syntheses and redox reactions.
- Complexing Agent: Forms complexes with heavy metals aiding in detoxification.
- Medical Field
- Antidote: Used to treat cyanide poisoning by converting cyanide to less toxic thiocyanate.
- Topical Agent: Used in treatments for certain skin conditions.
- Mining Industry
- Gold Extraction: Utilized in cyanide leaching processes as a detoxifying agent.
- Laboratory & Research
- Analytical Reagent: Used in iodometry and other titrations for quantitative analysis.
Secondary Uses
- Photography
- Bleach Fix: Component in bleach-fix baths for color photographic processing.
- Environmental Applications
- Wastewater Treatment: Detoxifies effluents containing chlorine and heavy metals.
KEY PRODUCT FEATURES
1. Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): Sodium thiosulfate
- Common/Trade Name: Sodium thiosulphate, hypo (photographic)
- CAS Number: 7772-98-7
- HS Code: 2841.40.00
- Synonyms: Sodium hyposulfite, sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate (hydrated form)
2. Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: White crystalline powder or granules
- Color & Odor: White; odorless
- Solubility: Highly soluble in water (~70 g/100 mL at 20°C)
- Density: 1.667 g/cm³ (pentahydrate)
- Melting Point: Decomposes before melting (above 48°C for pentahydrate)
- pH (1% solution): Neutral to slightly alkaline (7-9)
3. Safety & Hazard Attributes
- GHS Classification: Not classified as hazardous under normal use
- Toxicity: Low toxicity; oral LD₅₀ > 3000 mg/kg (rat)
- Exposure Limits: No specific OEL; general dust precautions advised
- Corrosivity: Non-corrosive
4. Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry place away from acids and moisture
- Container Type: 25kg PE-lined bags or plastic drums
- Shelf Life: 24 months if stored properly
- Handling Precautions: Avoid dust generation; use PPE as needed
5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- REACH Registered
- FDA Approved for specific uses
- Complies with OSHA Hazard Communication Standard
- Not classified as dangerous goods for transport
6. Environmental & Health Impact
- Biodegradability: Inorganic salt; not biodegradable but environmentally safe in typical use
- Ecotoxicity: Low toxicity to aquatic organisms
- Bioaccumulation: None expected
- Aquatic Impact: Excessive discharge may impact water chemistry
SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS
Safety Handling Precautions
- PPE Required: Gloves, dust mask, goggles recommended during handling
- Handling Guidelines: Use local exhaust ventilation to minimize dust
- Storage Measures: Keep containers tightly closed and dry
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms develop
- Skin Contact: Wash skin with soap and water
- Eye Contact: Rinse with plenty of water for 15 minutes; seek medical attention if irritation persists
- Ingestion: Rinse mouth; seek medical advice if large amounts ingested
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Non-flammable; does not support combustion
- Extinguishing Media: Use extinguishing media suitable for surrounding fire
- Hazardous Combustion Products: May release sulfur oxides if heated strongly
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