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Loperamide HCL
Loperamide HCL is a synthetic opioid-receptor agonist used primarily as an antidiarrheal medication. It acts on the µ-opioid receptors in the intestinal wall to decrease gut motility, prolonging transit time and allowing increased absorption of fluids and electrolytes. Loperamide HCL is widely used in pharmaceutical formulations to treat acute and chronic diarrhea, including travelers’ diarrhea and diarrhea associated with inflammatory bowel disease. It is a white to off-white crystalline powder, highly soluble in water and commonly supplied in pharmaceutical grade for oral dosage forms.
Loperamide HCL
Primary Uses
- Pharmaceutical Industry
- Active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in antidiarrheal medications for humans and veterinary use.
- Used in over-the-counter and prescription drug formulations to control symptoms of diarrhea by slowing intestinal motility.
- Incorporated into capsules, tablets, and liquid oral suspensions for easy administration.
- Veterinary Medicine
- Used to manage diarrhea in livestock and pets, improving hydration and nutrient absorption during digestive upset.
Secondary Uses
- Research and Development
- Utilized in pharmacological research studying opioid receptor activity and gastrointestinal motility.
- Used in experimental models for evaluating antidiarrheal compounds and intestinal physiology.
- Formulation Studies
- Employed in formulation optimization for controlled-release and combination products targeting gastrointestinal disorders.
1. Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-alpha,alpha-diphenyl-1-piperidinebutanamide hydrochloride
- Common/Trade Name: Loperamide HCL
- CAS Number: 53179-11-6
- HS Code: 2941.90.10
- Synonyms: Loperamide hydrochloride; antidiarrheal agent; Imodium HCL (brand-associated)
2. Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: Crystalline powder
- Color & Odor: White to off-white; odorless
- Solubility: Freely soluble in water and ethanol
- Melting Point: 230–236 °C (decomposes)
- Molecular Weight: 493.05 g/mol
3. Safety & Hazard Attributes
- GHS Classification: Harmful if swallowed; may cause respiratory depression in overdose
- Toxicity: Low toxicity at therapeutic doses; risk of CNS effects at high doses
- Exposure Limits: Use standard pharmaceutical manufacturing safety protocols
4. Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry place protected from light and moisture
- Container Type: Sealed, pharmaceutical-grade packaging to maintain purity
- Shelf Life: Typically 2–3 years under recommended storage conditions
- Handling Precautions: Avoid inhalation and skin contact; use appropriate PPE in manufacturing environments
5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- Approved for use by FDA, EMA, and other global pharmaceutical regulatory authorities
- Manufactured under Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) guidelines
- Controlled substance regulations may apply depending on jurisdiction
6. Environmental & Health Impact
- Biodegradability: Not readily biodegradable; disposal must follow pharmaceutical waste regulations
- Ecotoxicity: Potentially toxic to aquatic organisms; avoid environmental release
- Bioaccumulation: Not significant
- Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic
Safety Handling Precautions
- PPE Required: Gloves, lab coat, and dust mask or respirator in powder handling
- Handling Guidelines: Handle in well-ventilated areas; minimize dust generation
- Storage Measures: Keep container tightly closed; avoid moisture and contamination
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms develop
- Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water; seek medical advice if irritation occurs
- Eye Contact: Rinse immediately with water for 15 minutes; consult physician if irritation persists
- Ingestion: Seek immediate medical attention in case of overdose; supportive treatment required
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Not highly flammable but may decompose on heating producing hazardous fumes
- Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, dry chemical, or CO₂ extinguishers
- Special Precautions: Wear full protective equipment and self-contained breathing apparatus if exposed to smoke
- Hazardous Combustion Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides
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