Toluene

Basic Identification Attributes
Chemical Name (IUPAC): Methylbenzene

Common/Trade Name: Toluene

CAS Number: 108-88-3

HS Code: 2902.30.00

Synonyms: Methylbenzene, Phenylmethane

Physical & Chemical Properties
Physical State: Clear, colorless liquid

Color & Odor: Colorless; sweet, aromatic odor

Boiling Point: 110.6 °C

Melting Point: -95 °C

Density: 0.8669 g/cm³ at 20 °C

Flash Point: 4 °C (closed cup)

Solubility: Insoluble in water; miscible with organic solvents like alcohol, ether, acetone

Vapor Pressure: 28 mm Hg at 25 °C

Refractive Index: 1.496 at 20 °C

Safety & Hazard Attributes
GHS Classification:

Flammable liquid (Category 2)

Specific target organ toxicity — single exposure (Category 3, narcotic effects)

Toxicity: Moderate toxicity via inhalation, ingestion, and skin absorption; can affect central nervous system.

Exposure Limits:

OSHA PEL: 200 ppm (8-hour TWA)

ACGIH TLV: 20 ppm (8-hour TWA)

Storage & Handling Attributes
Storage Conditions: Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from sources of ignition and incompatible materials.

Container Type: Steel drums, bulk tanks, or suitable solvent containers.

Shelf Life: Stable under recommended storage conditions for several years.

Handling Precautions: Use explosion-proof equipment; avoid inhalation and skin contact; ensure grounding to prevent static discharge.

Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
Complies with REACH, TSCA, OSHA, and GHS requirements.

Listed on major chemical inventories worldwide.

Classified and labeled according to international transport regulations (UN 1294).

Subject to environmental regulations due to VOC content.

Environmental & Health Impact
Biodegradability: Readily biodegradable under aerobic conditions.

Ecotoxicity: Toxic to aquatic organisms; avoid environmental discharge.

Bioaccumulation: Low potential.

Environmental Fate: Volatile and may contribute to air pollution and smog formation.