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Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate
Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate (ZnSO₄·7H₂O) is a white, crystalline, water-soluble compound commonly used as a dietary supplement to treat zinc deficiency. It serves as a key ingredient in fertilizers, animal feeds, and industrial applications like water treatment and dyeing. The heptahydrate form contains seven water molecules, making it highly soluble and effective for various agricultural, medical, and chemical uses.
Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate
Primary Uses
- Agriculture
- Micronutrient Fertilizer: Used to correct zinc deficiency in soils for crops like maize, wheat, rice, and citrus.
- Foliar Spray & Soil Application: Enhances chlorophyll production and enzyme activity in plants.
- Seed Treatment: Coated on seeds to promote healthy germination and early growth.
- Animal Feed Industry
- Feed Additive: Provides essential zinc to livestock and poultry to support growth, immune response, skin integrity, and reproduction.
- Premixes & Supplements: Commonly added in formulations for pigs, cattle, poultry, and aquatic species.
- Water Treatment
- Algae Control: Acts as an algaecide in industrial water systems and cooling towers.
- Coagulation Aid: Improves water clarification in wastewater treatment.
- Chemical Manufacturing
- Intermediate: Used in the manufacture of zinc-based chemicals, catalysts, and pigments.
- Electrolyte Additive: Utilized in electroplating processes to produce uniform zinc coatings.
Secondary Uses
- Pharmaceuticals (Industrial Grade – Non-Medical Use)
- Astringent & Antiseptic Base: Used in some topical preparations (only when refined to pharma grade).
- Textile Industry
- Mordant in Dyeing: Enhances dye uptake and colorfastness in fabrics.
- Paper Industry
- Slimicide: Prevents microbial growth during paper manufacturing.
- Construction
- Additive in Cement & Concrete: Enhances setting characteristics and resistance to microbial growth (in niche applications).
- Galvanizing
- Surface Preparation: Sometimes used in pre-treatment or surface activation before zinc electroplating.
1. Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): Zinc sulfate heptahydrate
- Common/Trade Name: Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate 21%
- CAS Number: 7446-20-0
- HS Code: 2833.26.00
- Synonyms: White vitriol, zinc sulphate 7H₂O
2. Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: Crystalline solid
- Color & Odor: White to colorless; odorless
- Molecular Formula: ZnSO₄·7H₂O
- Molecular Weight: 287.54 g/mol
- Zinc Content: ~21% (elemental zinc by weight)
- Solubility: Highly soluble in water
- Density: ~1.97 g/cm³
- Melting Point: 100 °C (decomposes with loss of water)
- pH (5% solution): ~4.5–5.5
3. Safety & Hazard Attributes
- GHS Classification:
- Irritant to eyes and skin
- Harmful if swallowed in large quantities
- Dangerous to aquatic environments in concentrated form
- Toxicity: Low at recommended levels; avoid inhalation or ingestion of dust
- Exposure Limits: General dust limits apply; not classified as a systemic toxin at industrial doses
4. Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in a dry, well-ventilated area away from heat and moisture
- Container Type: 25 kg HDPE bags, kraft paper sacks with PE liner
- Shelf Life: Up to 2 years under sealed, dry conditions
- Handling Precautions: Avoid inhalation of dust; prevent moisture contact as it may cake or dissolve
5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- Complies with REACH and TSCA chemical regulations
- Registered for fertilizer and feed use in many regions (including EU and U.S.)
- Manufactured under ISO 9001 and FAMI-QS (when feed-grade)
- Conforms to FAO/WHO standards for micronutrient fertilizers
- Meets CODEX guidelines for use in animal nutrition
- RoHS compliant (when applicable in coatings or electronics)
6. Environmental & Health Impact
- Biodegradability: Not applicable (inorganic compound)
- Ecotoxicity: Toxic to aquatic life at high concentrations; follow disposal regulations
- Bioaccumulation: Not expected
- Environmental Note: Follow guidelines to avoid runoff into natural water systems
Safety Handling Precautions
- PPE Required: Gloves, goggles, dust mask
- Handling Guidelines: Use with local exhaust ventilation; avoid dust buildup
- Storage Measures: Keep tightly sealed and protected from humidity
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms persist
- Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water
- Eye Contact: Rinse thoroughly with water for 15 minutes
- Ingestion: Rinse mouth; seek medical advice if large quantity is consumed
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Not flammable
- Extinguishing Media: Use any media suitable for surrounding fire
- Hazardous Combustion Products: May emit sulfur oxides under extreme heat
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