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Pyrimethamine HCL Micronised
Pyrimethamine HCL Micronised is a finely ground form of pyrimethamine hydrochloride, an antimalarial and antiparasitic drug. The micronised form enhances bioavailability by improving dissolution rate and absorption. It acts by inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase, interfering with folic acid metabolism in protozoa and some bacteria, thus effectively treating malaria and toxoplasmosis. This pharmaceutical-grade compound is used primarily in combination therapies for parasitic infections.
Pyrimethamine HCL Micronised
Primary Uses
- Pharmaceutical Industry
- Used as an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in antimalarial medications, often combined with sulfadoxine (e.g., Fansidar) for treating Plasmodium falciparum malaria.
- Employed in the treatment of toxoplasmosis, especially in immunocompromised patients.
- Utilized in combination therapy for other parasitic infections sensitive to folate pathway inhibition.
Secondary Uses
- Veterinary Medicine
- Used in veterinary antiparasitic formulations for protozoal infections in animals.
- Research & Development
- Utilized in pharmaceutical research for new antimalarial drug development and formulation studies.
- Used as a reference standard in analytical and pharmacokinetic studies.
1. Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-ethylpyrimidine-2,4-diamine hydrochloride
- Common/Trade Name: Pyrimethamine HCL Micronised
- CAS Number: 145-62-8
- HS Code: 2933.99.90
- Synonyms: Daraprim (brand name), Pyrimethamine hydrochloride
2. Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: Fine white to off-white powder
- Solubility: Slightly soluble in water; soluble in dilute acids
- Particle Size: Micronised for enhanced dissolution
- Molecular Weight: 248.7 g/mol (free base), hydrochloride salt varies slightly
- Odor & Color: Odorless; white powder
3. Safety & Hazard Attributes
- GHS Classification: Harmful if swallowed; may cause skin and eye irritation
- Toxicity: Moderate toxicity; handle with care to avoid exposure
- Exposure Limits: Follow pharmaceutical safety guidelines
4. Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in a tightly closed container in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area protected from light
- Container Type: Sealed plastic or glass containers, foil-lined bags
- Shelf Life: Typically 2–3 years if stored properly
- Handling Precautions: Use gloves, mask, and eye protection; avoid dust inhalation
5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- Complies with USP/NF monograph for pyrimethamine hydrochloride
- Manufactured under GMP conditions for pharmaceutical use
6. Environmental & Health Impact
- Biodegradability: Not readily biodegradable
- Ecotoxicity: Toxic to aquatic organisms at high concentrations
- Bioaccumulation: Not significant
Safety Handling Precautions
- PPE Required: Gloves, dust mask, goggles recommended
- Handling Guidelines: Use in well-ventilated areas; avoid skin and eye contact
- Storage Measures: Keep containers tightly closed and stored in a dry, cool environment away from light
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms develop
- Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water; seek medical advice if irritation persists
- Eye Contact: Rinse with plenty of water for 15 minutes; seek medical attention if irritation continues
- Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; seek immediate medical attention
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Not highly flammable but may decompose on heating releasing toxic fumes
- Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, dry chemical, or CO₂
- Special Precautions: Wear protective clothing and self-contained breathing apparatus
- Hazardous Combustion Products: Carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides, hydrogen chloride
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