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Ammonium Acetate

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Ammonium acetate is a white crystalline solid or granular powder that is highly soluble in water. It is the ammonium salt of acetic acid and commonly appears as a colorless, odorless compound. Ammonium acetate is widely used in laboratories, chemical synthesis, food industry, pharmaceuticals, and industrial applications due to its buffering capacity and ability to provide both ammonium and acetate ions in solution. It functions as a neutral salt and is valued for its role as a pH buffer, reagent, and stabilizer.

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Categories: Acidulants, Dyes and Pigments, pH Adjusters Tags: Ammonium acetate, Food additive, Pharmaceutical intermediate, Water treatment

Description

Table of Contents

Ammonium Acetate

Primary Uses

Buffering Agent in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Used extensively as a buffering agent in biochemical applications, especially in nucleic acid and protein purification techniques such as DNA and RNA precipitation.
Maintains pH stability in electrophoresis and chromatography.
Helps stabilize enzyme activity during assays and molecular biology protocols.

Chemical Synthesis

Employed as a reagent in organic synthesis, for example, in the preparation of acetates and other chemical intermediates.
Used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and dyes.

Food Industry

Functions as a food additive and acidity regulator (E264), used to control pH in processed foods and beverages.
Acts as a stabilizer and preservative to extend shelf life.
Often found in baking powders and gelatin preparations.

Pharmaceutical Industry

Utilized as an excipient or buffering agent in drug formulations to maintain pH stability and improve drug solubility and bioavailability.
Sometimes used in intravenous fluids and injectable formulations.

Textile Industry

Used in textile printing and dyeing as a neutralizing agent and buffer.
Helps in fixing dyes and improving color fastness.

Secondary Uses

Analytical Chemistry

Serves as a standard in titrations and analytical calibrations.
Used in mass spectrometry as a volatile buffer to improve ionization and peak shape.

Laboratory Uses

Employed as a reagent for buffer solutions in chemical and biochemical labs.
Used in some chemical experiments as a source of acetate and ammonium ions.

Agriculture

Occasionally used as a nitrogen source or soil conditioner, though less common compared to other ammonium salts.

Cosmetics

Incorporated in some cosmetic products as a pH adjuster and buffering agent.

KEY PRODUCT FEATURES

1. Basic Identification Attributes

Chemical Name (IUPAC): Ammonium acetate
Common/Trade Names: Ammonium acetate
CAS Number: 631-61-8
HS Code: 2915.90.00
Molecular Formula: C2H7NO2
Synonyms: Acetic acid ammonium salt, Ammonium ethanoate

2. Physical & Chemical Properties

Physical State: White crystalline powder or granules
Color & Odor: Colorless to white, odorless or faint vinegar-like odor
Melting Point: 114–117°C (decomposes)
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Density: ~1.175 g/cm³
Solubility: Highly soluble in water (~290 g/L at 20°C), slightly soluble in alcohol
pH Level: Neutral to slightly basic (~7–8 in aqueous solution)
Vapor Pressure: Negligible
Flash Point: Non-flammable
Autoignition Temperature: N/A
Stability: Stable under normal conditions

3. Safety & Hazard Attributes

Hazard Class (GHS): Generally considered non-hazardous
NFPA Ratings: Health 1, Flammability 0, Reactivity 0
Exposure Limits: No established OSHA PEL or ACGIH TLV
Reactivity: Stable, but decomposes with strong acids or bases releasing ammonia or acetic acid vapors
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizers, strong acids, strong bases

4. Storage & Handling Attributes

Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry place away from moisture and incompatible materials
Container Type: Plastic or glass containers, tightly sealed
Shelf Life: Typically 2-3 years if stored properly
Special Handling: Avoid dust generation; use in well-ventilated areas; wear PPE during handling

5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes

Regulatory Status: Approved for use in food and pharmaceuticals with restrictions
Transportation: Not classified as hazardous; normal transport conditions apply
Waste Disposal: Dispose according to local regulations; generally non-hazardous waste

6. Environmental & Health Impact

Ecotoxicity: Low toxicity to aquatic organisms
Persistence: Biodegradable
Carcinogenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic
Biodegradability: Readily biodegradable

SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS

Safety Handling Precautions

PPE: Use gloves, safety goggles, and dust masks when handling powder to prevent skin, eye, and respiratory exposure.
Handling: Avoid dust inhalation; work in well-ventilated areas.
Storage: Keep containers tightly sealed and store in dry areas to prevent caking.
Hygiene: Wash hands after use; avoid eating or drinking during handling.

First Aid Measures

Inhalation: Move affected person to fresh air. Seek medical attention if irritation persists.
Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water; seek medical advice if irritation develops.
Eye Contact: Rinse immediately with water for at least 15 minutes; consult a doctor if irritation continues.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth; drink water. Seek medical advice if large quantities are ingested.

Firefighting Measures

Fire Hazards: Non-flammable; may decompose at high temperatures releasing ammonia and acetic acid vapors.
Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, dry chemical, foam, or CO₂ to extinguish surrounding fire.
Special Precautions: Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) due to possible toxic gases.