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Calcium Chloride Dihydrate
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Calcium Chloride Dihydrate (CaCl₂·2H₂O) is a hydrated form of calcium chloride, appearing as white crystalline granules or flakes containing two molecules of water of crystallization. It is highly soluble in water and exhibits strong hygroscopic and deliquescent properties. This compound is widely used in industrial, pharmaceutical, food, and agricultural sectors due to its moisture absorption, de-icing, dust control, and calcium supplementation capabilities. Compared to anhydrous calcium chloride, the dihydrate form has lower hygroscopicity but is easier to handle and store.
Description
Primary Uses
- Industrial Applications
- Used as a drying agent and desiccant in various chemical and industrial processes.
- Employed in concrete admixtures to accelerate setting time and improve early strength.
- Applied in dust suppression and soil stabilization on unpaved roads and construction sites.
- Utilized in refrigeration brines and cooling systems for heat transfer and freeze protection.
- Food Industry
- Acts as a firming agent in canned vegetables, tofu production, and cheese making.
- Used as a food additive (E509) for calcium supplementation and texture improvement.
- Pharmaceutical and Medical
- Used in electrolyte replenishment solutions for calcium supplementation.
- Incorporated in pharmaceutical formulations requiring calcium ions.
- Agriculture & Environmental
- Used for soil amendment and calcium supplementation to correct soil deficiencies.
- Applied in water treatment to reduce hardness and remove impurities.
Secondary Uses
- Water Treatment
- Used to remove carbonate hardness and precipitate impurities.
- Textile Industry
- Functions in dye fixing and fabric processing.
- Aquaculture
- Maintains calcium ion concentration essential for aquatic organisms.
PRODUCT KEY FEATURES
Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): Calcium chloride dihydrate
- Common/Trade Name: Calcium Chloride Dihydrate
- CAS Number: 10035-04-8
- HS Code: 2827.10.00
- Molecular Formula: CaCl₂·2H₂O
- Synonyms:
- Calcium dichloride dihydrate
- Calcium chloride hydrate
- CaCl₂·2H₂O
- Calcium chloride (2-water)
2. Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: White crystalline granules or flakes
- Color & Odor: White; odorless
- Melting Point: Approximately 176°C (decomposes, loses water)
- Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
- Density: Approx. 1.85 g/cm³
- Solubility: Highly soluble in water (~74.5 g/100 mL at 20°C); insoluble in alcohol
- Hygroscopicity: Hygroscopic, but less so than anhydrous calcium chloride
- pH: Neutral to slightly alkaline in aqueous solution (~8–9)
- Stability: Stable under normal conditions; sensitive to moisture and heat
3. Safety & Hazard Attributes
- Hazard Class (GHS): Skin corrosive (Category 1B), Serious eye damage (Category 1)
- NFPA Ratings:
- Health: 2
- Flammability: 0
- Reactivity: 1
- Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL: 5 mg/m³ (respirable dust)
- Toxicity: Moderate; may cause irritation to eyes, skin, and respiratory tract
- Reactivity: Reacts exothermically with water; avoid strong oxidizers
4. Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place, away from moisture and incompatible substances
- Container Type: Airtight polyethylene bags, drums, or sealed containers
- Shelf Life: Indefinite if properly stored
- Special Handling: Use PPE; avoid dust and moisture exposure
5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- FDA Status: Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for food use; regulated in pharmaceuticals
- Transportation: Classified as corrosive; comply with local transport regulations
- Waste Disposal: Dispose as per local regulations; neutralize if necessary
6. Environmental & Health Impact
- Ecotoxicity: Low to moderate toxicity at high concentrations
- Persistence: Inorganic salt; persists in environment without biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation: Not expected to bioaccumulate
- Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic or mutagenic
- Biodegradability: Not biodegradable
SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS
Safety Handling Precautions
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
- Gloves (chemical resistant)
- Safety goggles or face shield
- Dust mask or respirator (if dust is present)
- Protective clothing
Handling Measures:
- Avoid inhalation, skin, and eye contact
- Handle in well-ventilated areas
- Control dust generation
Storage Measures:
- Keep container tightly closed
- Protect from moisture and direct sunlight
Hygiene Practices:
- Wash hands thoroughly after handling
- Avoid eating, drinking, or smoking while handling
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms persist
- Skin Contact: Wash thoroughly with soap and water; seek medical care if irritation develops
- Eye Contact: Rinse immediately with water for at least 15 minutes; seek urgent medical attention
- Ingestion: Rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting; seek immediate medical assistance
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Non-flammable but may release heat when reacting with water
- Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, dry chemical, or CO₂ to control surrounding fire
- Special Precautions: Firefighters should wear full protective gear and SCBA if necessary
Decomposition Products: May release chlorine and calcium oxide fumes under high heat
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