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Calcium Gluconate

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Calcium Gluconate is a calcium salt of gluconic acid appearing as a white, odorless, crystalline powder or colorless crystals. It is highly soluble in water and commonly used as a calcium supplement in pharmaceuticals and food products. Calcium Gluconate plays a critical role in medicine for treating calcium deficiencies, hypocalcemia, and as an antidote for hydrofluoric acid burns. Its excellent bioavailability makes it a preferred calcium source in oral and intravenous formulations. Additionally, it is utilized in food fortification and cosmetic applications due to its safety and compatibility.

 

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Description

Calcium Gluconate

Primary Uses

  1. Pharmaceuticals
    • Used as a calcium supplement to treat calcium deficiencies and hypocalcemia.
    • Administered intravenously in emergency cases like cardiac arrest due to hyperkalemia or calcium channel blocker overdose.
    • Employed as an antidote for hydrofluoric acid burns and toxicity.
    • Incorporated in oral supplements and fortified food products for bone health and metabolic functions.
  2. Food & Beverage
    • Used as a food additive and mineral fortifier in beverages, dairy products, and nutritional supplements.
    • Acts as a firming agent in canned vegetables and processed foods.
  3. Cosmetics & Personal Care
    • Utilized in skin care formulations for its calcium content and mild astringent properties.
    • Included in toothpaste and mouthwash formulations to promote dental health.

Secondary Uses

  1. Veterinary Medicine
    • Used in animal supplements to prevent calcium deficiency and metabolic disorders.
  2. Industrial Applications
    • Occasionally used in fermentation processes and as a coagulating agent in some manufacturing applications.
KEY PRODUCT FEATURES

1. Basic Identification Attributes

  • Chemical Name (IUPAC): Calcium D-gluconate
  • Common/Trade Name: Calcium Gluconate
  • CAS Number: 299-28-5
  • HS Code: 2836.50.00
  • Molecular Formula: C12H22CaO14
  • Synonyms:
    • Calcium D-gluconate
    • Calcium gluconate USP
    • Calcium (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate
    • D-Calcium gluconate

2. Physical & Chemical Properties

  • Physical State: Crystalline powder or colorless crystals
  • Color & Odor: White; odorless
  • Melting Point: Approximately 190–200°C (decomposes)
  • Boiling Point: Not applicable (decomposes)
  • Density: About 1.7 g/cm³
  • Solubility: Freely soluble in water; insoluble in ethanol and organic solvents
  • pH: Neutral to slightly alkaline (aqueous solution)
  • Stability: Stable under normal conditions; hygroscopic

3. Safety & Hazard Attributes

  • Hazard Class (GHS): Not classified as hazardous; generally recognized as safe (GRAS)
  • NFPA Ratings:
    • Health: 1
    • Flammability: 0
    • Reactivity: 0
  • Exposure Limits: No established OSHA or ACGIH limits; handle with standard precautions
  • Toxicity: Low acute toxicity; excessive intake may cause hypercalcemia
  • Reactivity: Stable; avoid strong acids and bases

4. Storage & Handling Attributes

  • Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry place protected from moisture
  • Container Type: Airtight, moisture-resistant containers such as HDPE or glass bottles
  • Shelf Life: Typically 3–5 years when stored properly
  • Special Handling: Avoid dust generation; use PPE during handling

5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes

  • FDA Status: Approved as a calcium supplement and food additive (GRAS)
  • Pharmacopoeia Compliance: Listed in USP, BP, EP
  • Transportation: Not classified as hazardous
  • Waste Disposal: Dispose as non-hazardous pharmaceutical or food waste according to regulations

6. Environmental & Health Impact

  • Ecotoxicity: Minimal environmental impact
  • Persistence: Biodegradable and naturally occurring mineral
  • Bioaccumulation: Not expected to bioaccumulate
  • Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic or mutagenic
  • Biodegradability: Biodegradable
SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS

Safety Handling Precautions

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

  • Gloves
  • Safety goggles
  • Dust mask (if powder is handled in large amounts)

Handling Measures:

  • Avoid inhalation of dust
  • Prevent prolonged skin and eye contact
  • Work in well-ventilated areas

Storage Measures:

  • Keep container tightly closed
  • Protect from humidity and moisture

Hygiene Practices:

  • Wash hands after handling
  • Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling

First Aid Measures

  • Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if irritation occurs
  • Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water; seek medical advice if irritation develops
  • Eye Contact: Rinse thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes; seek medical attention if irritation persists
  • Ingestion: Generally safe in recommended doses; seek medical attention if large amounts ingested

Firefighting Measures

  • Fire Hazards: Non-flammable
  • Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, dry chemical, or CO₂ as appropriate for surrounding fire
  • Special Precautions: Firefighters should wear protective gear and breathing apparatus if needed
  • Decomposition Products: May produce carbon oxides and calcium oxides under extreme heat

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