Calcium Gluconate

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Calcium Gluconate is a calcium salt of gluconic acid appearing as a white, odorless, crystalline powder or colorless crystals. It is highly soluble in water and commonly used as a calcium supplement in pharmaceuticals and food products. Calcium Gluconate plays a critical role in medicine for treating calcium deficiencies, hypocalcemia, and as an antidote for hydrofluoric acid burns. Its excellent bioavailability makes it a preferred calcium source in oral and intravenous formulations. Additionally, it is utilized in food fortification and cosmetic applications due to its safety and compatibility.

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Categories: Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs), Nutraceutical Ingredients (food), Nutraceutical Ingredients (pharmaceutical), Nutrient Supplements Tags: Calcium deficiency treatment, Calcium gluconate, Dietary Supplement, Injectable formulations, Pharmaceutical ingredient, Veterinary Medicine, White crystalline powder

Description

Table of Contents

Calcium Gluconate

Primary Uses

Pharmaceuticals
- Used as a calcium supplement to treat calcium deficiencies and hypocalcemia.
- Administered intravenously in emergency cases like cardiac arrest due to hyperkalemia or calcium channel blocker overdose.
- Employed as an antidote for hydrofluoric acid burns and toxicity.
- Incorporated in oral supplements and fortified food products for bone health and metabolic functions.
Food & Beverage
- Used as a food additive and mineral fortifier in beverages, dairy products, and nutritional supplements.
- Acts as a firming agent in canned vegetables and processed foods.
Cosmetics & Personal Care
- Utilized in skin care formulations for its calcium content and mild astringent properties.
- Included in toothpaste and mouthwash formulations to promote dental health.

Secondary Uses

Veterinary Medicine
- Used in animal supplements to prevent calcium deficiency and metabolic disorders.
Industrial Applications
- Occasionally used in fermentation processes and as a coagulating agent in some manufacturing applications.

PRODUCT KEY FEATURES

Basic Identification Attributes

Chemical Name (IUPAC): Calcium D-gluconate
Common/Trade Name: Calcium Gluconate
CAS Number: 299-28-5
HS Code: 2836.50.00
Molecular Formula: C12H22CaO14
Synonyms:
- Calcium D-gluconate
- Calcium gluconate USP
- Calcium (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate
- D-Calcium gluconate

2. Physical & Chemical Properties

Physical State: Crystalline powder or colorless crystals
Color & Odor: White; odorless
Melting Point: Approximately 190–200°C (decomposes)
Boiling Point: Not applicable (decomposes)
Density: About 1.7 g/cm³
Solubility: Freely soluble in water; insoluble in ethanol and organic solvents
pH: Neutral to slightly alkaline (aqueous solution)
Stability: Stable under normal conditions; hygroscopic

3. Safety & Hazard Attributes

Hazard Class (GHS): Not classified as hazardous; generally recognized as safe (GRAS)
NFPA Ratings:
- Health: 1
- Flammability: 0
- Reactivity: 0
Exposure Limits: No established OSHA or ACGIH limits; handle with standard precautions
Toxicity: Low acute toxicity; excessive intake may cause hypercalcemia
Reactivity: Stable; avoid strong acids and bases

4. Storage & Handling Attributes

Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry place protected from moisture
Container Type: Airtight, moisture-resistant containers such as HDPE or glass bottles
Shelf Life: Typically 3–5 years when stored properly
Special Handling: Avoid dust generation; use PPE during handling

5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes

FDA Status: Approved as a calcium supplement and food additive (GRAS)
Pharmacopoeia Compliance: Listed in USP, BP, EP
Transportation: Not classified as hazardous
Waste Disposal: Dispose as non-hazardous pharmaceutical or food waste according to regulations

6. Environmental & Health Impact

Ecotoxicity: Minimal environmental impact
Persistence: Biodegradable and naturally occurring mineral
Bioaccumulation: Not expected to bioaccumulate
Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic or mutagenic

Biodegradability: Biodegradable

SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

Gloves
Safety goggles
Dust mask (if powder is handled in large amounts)

Handling Measures:

Avoid inhalation of dust
Prevent prolonged skin and eye contact
Work in well-ventilated areas

Storage Measures:

Keep container tightly closed
Protect from humidity and moisture

Hygiene Practices:

Wash hands after handling
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling

First Aid Measures

Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if irritation occurs
Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water; seek medical advice if irritation develops
Eye Contact: Rinse thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes; seek medical attention if irritation persists
Ingestion: Generally safe in recommended doses; seek medical attention if large amounts ingested

Firefighting Measures

Fire Hazards: Non-flammable
Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, dry chemical, or CO₂ as appropriate for surrounding fire
Special Precautions: Firefighters should wear protective gear and breathing apparatus if needed

Decomposition Products: May produce carbon oxides and calcium oxides under extreme heat