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Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate Dihydrate (Na₂HPO₄·2H₂O)

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Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate Dihydrate is the hydrated form of disodium hydrogen phosphate, a white crystalline powder commonly used as a buffering agent, emulsifier, and sequestrant. The dihydrate form contains two water molecules per formula unit, which affects its physical properties such as melting point and solubility. It is widely applied in food, pharmaceutical, water treatment, and industrial processes to maintain pH stability, improve texture, and supply essential sodium and phosphate ions.

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Categories: Animal Feed Additives, Emulsifiers, Excipients, Fertilizers, Nutraceutical Ingredients (pharmaceutical), Nutrient Supplements, pH Adjusters Tags: Chemical manufacturing, Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate Dihydrate, Food industry, Hydrated salt, Pharmaceutical industry, Water treatment industry

Description

Table of Contents

Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate Dihydrate (Na₂HPO₄·2H₂O) Uses

Primary Uses

Food & Beverage Industry

Serves as a buffering agent to regulate acidity and alkalinity in processed foods, dairy products (e.g., cheese, milk powders), and beverages.
Acts as an emulsifier and stabilizer in dairy and meat products to enhance texture, moisture retention, and shelf life.
Functions as a sequestrant to bind metal ions and improve flavor and color stability.
Used in baking powders as a leavening agent component to control rising.
Added to nutritional and mineral supplements as a source of phosphate and sodium ions.

Pharmaceuticals & Healthcare

Used as a buffering agent in intravenous fluids, oral rehydration solutions, and pharmaceutical formulations to maintain pH balance.
Included as an excipient in tablets and capsules to aid controlled drug release.
Plays a role in parenteral nutrition formulations supplying electrolytes.

Water Treatment

Employed to control pH and prevent scale formation and corrosion in boilers and cooling systems.
Acts as a dispersing agent for solids in water systems, maintaining homogeneity.

Agriculture & Fertilizers

Supplies phosphate and sodium in fertilizer formulations to enhance soil fertility and crop nutrition.
Used in hydroponic nutrient solutions to promote plant growth.

Industrial Applications

Used in detergent formulations as a builder and pH stabilizer.
Functions as a buffering and dispersing agent in ceramics, textiles, and paper industries.

Secondary Uses

Laboratory Reagent

Commonly used in buffer solutions for biochemical assays, enzyme reactions, and molecular biology research.
Maintains stable pH environments essential for protein purification and DNA/RNA work.

Cosmetics & Personal Care

Acts as a pH adjuster and stabilizer in lotions, creams, and other personal care formulations.

Animal Feed

Added to animal feeds as a mineral supplement providing phosphate and sodium for metabolic processes.

PRODUCT KEY FEATURES

Basic Identification Attributes

Chemical Name (IUPAC): Disodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate
Common/Trade Name: Disodium Phosphate Dihydrate, Sodium Phosphate Dibasic Dihydrate
CAS Number: 7788-57-6
HS Code: 2835.25.00
Molecular Formula: Na₂HPO₄·2H₂O
Synonyms:
- Disodium phosphate dihydrate
- Sodium phosphate dibasic dihydrate
- Sodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate

Physical & Chemical Properties

Physical State: White crystalline powder or granules
Odor: Odorless
Melting Point: Decomposes at ~100–120°C (loss of water of crystallization)
Solubility: Highly soluble in water; insoluble in alcohol
pH (1% aqueous solution): Approximately 9.0–10.5 (alkaline)
Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions; hygroscopic

Safety & Hazard Attributes

Hazard Class (GHS): Not classified as hazardous
Toxicity: Low toxicity; generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for food use
Exposure Limits: No specific occupational limits established

Storage & Handling Attributes

Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry area protected from moisture and contaminants
Container Type: Paper bags with polyethylene lining, plastic drums
Shelf Life: 2–3 years if stored properly
Handling Precautions: Avoid dust generation; use PPE to prevent eye and skin contact

Regulatory & Compliance Attributes

Approved worldwide as a food additive and pharmaceutical excipient
Listed in USP, EP, FCC
Compliant with REACH and other chemical regulations

Environmental & Health Impact

Ecotoxicity: Low
Persistence: Biodegradable
Bioaccumulation: Not expected

Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not classified

SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS

Safety Handling Precautions

PPE Required:

Dust mask or respirator (for dusty environments)
Safety goggles
Gloves (nitrile or latex)
Protective lab coat or apron

Handling Guidelines:

Handle in well-ventilated areas to avoid dust inhalation
Avoid contact with eyes and skin
Employ dust suppression or extraction systems when transferring in bulk

Storage Measures:

Keep containers tightly sealed to prevent moisture absorption
Store away from strong acids and incompatible materials
Avoid exposure to humidity and high temperatures

Hygiene Practices:

Wash hands thoroughly after handling
Do not eat, drink, or smoke during handling
Maintain a clean working environment to prevent contamination

First Aid Measures

Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if irritation persists
Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water; seek medical advice if irritation occurs
Eye Contact: Rinse with plenty of water for 15 minutes; seek medical advice if irritation continues
Ingestion: Rinse mouth; generally low toxicity but seek medical help if large quantities ingested

Firefighting Measures

Fire Hazards: Non-flammable and non-combustible
Extinguishing Media: Water spray, foam, dry chemical, or CO₂ suitable for surrounding fire
Special Precautions: Use standard firefighting protective equipment
Decomposition Products: May emit sodium oxides and phosphorus oxides at very high temperatures