Ellagic Acid
Ellagic Acid is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound found in numerous fruits, nuts, and vegetables such as pomegranates, strawberries, raspberries, walnuts, and cranberries. It is a potent antioxidant known for its ability to scavenge free radicals and chelate metal ions. Due to its significant anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, and anti-viral properties, Ellagic Acid has gained extensive interest in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. It appears as a yellow to light brown crystalline powder, insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents like ethanol and DMSO.
Ellagic Acid Uses
Primary Uses
- Pharmaceuticals & Nutraceuticals
- Utilized as an active ingredient for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
- Employed in formulations aimed at cancer prevention and as adjunct therapy due to its anti-proliferative properties.
- Investigated for potential antiviral applications including HIV and herpes simplex viruses.
- Used in dietary supplements for general health and immune support.
- Cosmetics & Personal Care
- Incorporated in anti-aging skin care products for its ability to protect skin from oxidative damage and UV-induced aging.
- Used in formulations targeting hyperpigmentation and skin brightening due to its melanin synthesis inhibition.
- Acts as an anti-inflammatory agent soothing irritated or sensitive skin.
- Food Industry
- Applied as a natural antioxidant additive in food preservation to extend shelf life and prevent lipid peroxidation.
- Used as a functional ingredient in health foods, beverages, and supplements.
- Research & Analytical Uses
- Used in biochemical research to study antioxidant mechanisms and as a standard compound in polyphenol analysis.
Secondary Uses
- Agriculture
- Explored as a natural plant growth regulator and for potential pest resistance due to its antimicrobial properties.
- Biomedical Research
Investigated in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine for its cell-protective effects.
- Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): 2,3,7,8-Tetrahydroxy-[1]benzopyrano[5,4,3-cde][1]benzopyran-5,10-dione
- Common/Trade Name: Ellagic Acid
- CAS Number: 476-66-4
- HS Code: 2934.99.99
- Molecular Formula: C₁₄H₆O₈
- Synonyms:
- 4,4',5,5',6,6'-Hexahydroxydiphenic acid dilactone
- 2,3,7,8-Tetrahydroxychromeno[5,4,3-cde]chromene-5,10-dione
- Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: Crystalline powder
- Color & Odor: Yellow to light brown; odorless
- Melting Point: Approximately 300°C (decomposes)
- Solubility: Insoluble in water; soluble in ethanol, methanol, DMSO, and alkaline solutions
- Stability: Stable under normal conditions; sensitive to strong acids and bases
- Safety & Hazard Attributes
- Hazard Class (GHS): Not classified as hazardous
- Toxicity: Low toxicity; generally safe in topical and oral use at recommended doses
- Exposure Limits: Not established
- Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in cool, dry, dark place in tightly sealed containers
- Container Type: Glass or plastic bottles with airtight caps
- Shelf Life: 2–3 years if stored properly
- Handling Precautions: Avoid dust inhalation and prolonged skin contact
- Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- Approved as a dietary supplement ingredient in many regions
- Compliant with food safety and cosmetic regulations globally
- Environmental & Health Impact
- Biodegradability: Biodegradable under environmental conditions
- Ecotoxicity: Low
- Bioaccumulation: Not expected
Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic or mutagenic
Safety Handling Precautions
PPE Required:
- Dust mask or respirator (for powder handling)
- Safety goggles
- Gloves (nitrile or latex)
- Protective clothing or lab coat
Handling Guidelines:
- Handle in well-ventilated areas
- Avoid dust generation and inhalation
- Avoid prolonged skin contact
- Use closed systems or local exhaust ventilation when available
Storage Measures:
- Keep container tightly closed
- Store away from strong oxidizers and bases
- Protect from light and moisture
Hygiene Practices:
- Wash hands after handling
- Do not eat, drink, or smoke in handling areas
- Clean spills promptly to avoid dust spread
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if irritation persists
- Skin Contact: Wash thoroughly with soap and water; seek medical attention if irritation develops
- Eye Contact: Rinse with plenty of water for 15 minutes; seek medical advice if irritation persists
- Ingestion: Rinse mouth; not expected to be toxic, but seek medical attention if large amounts ingested
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Non-flammable
- Extinguishing Media: Water spray, foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide
- Special Precautions: Use standard protective equipment
Decomposition Products: May emit carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and other organic vapors upon decomposition