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Potassium Chlorate
Potassium Chlorate is a strong oxidizing agent and crystalline chemical compound widely used in various industrial, laboratory, and commercial applications. It appears as a white, odorless, and water-soluble solid. Potassium Chlorate serves primarily as a source of oxygen in chemical reactions and is critical in the manufacture of explosives, matches, fireworks, and disinfectants. Due to its reactive nature, it requires careful handling and storage.
Primary Uses
Explosives and Pyrotechnics
Acts as a powerful oxidizer in the formulation of explosives, detonators, and blasting agents.
Widely used in fireworks to generate oxygen and sustain combustion, producing bright flames and colors.
Key ingredient in matchstick heads for ignition.
Disinfectants and Bleaching Agents
Utilized as a precursor in the manufacture of disinfectants and antiseptic solutions.
Employed in bleaching processes for paper and textiles.
Chemical Oxygen Generation
Used in oxygen candles and chemical oxygen generators for emergency breathing apparatuses and submarines.
Provides a controlled release of oxygen in confined environments.
Laboratory Reagent
Functions as an oxidizing reagent in various chemical syntheses and analytical procedures.
Used for qualitative and quantitative analysis in laboratories.
Secondary Uses
Agriculture
Occasionally used in small quantities as a herbicide or defoliant.
Employed in soil sterilization to control pathogens (with caution due to toxicity).
Metallurgy
Used in some metal refining and processing techniques as an oxidizer.
Woodworking
Involved in chemical processes to enhance wood bleaching and treatment.
Education and Demonstrations
Used in controlled classroom experiments to demonstrate exothermic reactions and oxygen generation.
Basic Identification Attributes
Chemical Name (IUPAC): Potassium chlorate
Common/Trade Name: Potassium Chlorate
CAS Number: 3811-04-9
HS Code: 2829.90 (Other chlorates)
Synonyms: KClO₃; chlorate of potassium
Physical & Chemical Properties
Physical State: Solid, crystalline powder or granules
Color & Odor: White; odorless
Solubility: Soluble in water (7.9 g/100 mL at 20°C)
Melting Point: Approximately 356°C (decomposes)
Density: ~2.32 g/cm³
Stability: Stable under normal conditions; decomposes violently under heat or shock
Safety & Hazard Attributes
GHS Classification: Oxidizing solid (Category 2); acute toxicity (Category 4); hazardous to the environment
Toxicity: Moderate; harmful if ingested or inhaled; strong oxidizer may cause fire/explosion hazards
Exposure Limits: Follow OSHA and local regulations; avoid inhalation and skin contact
Storage & Handling Attributes
Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from combustible materials and reducing agents
Container Type: Sealed plastic or glass containers; avoid metal containers that can react
Shelf Life: Typically 1–3 years if stored properly
Handling Precautions: Use non-sparking tools, wear protective gloves and goggles; avoid friction, heat, and contamination
Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
Complies with chemical safety and transportation regulations (e.g., OSHA, REACH, DOT)
Classified as a hazardous material for transport and storage
Environmental & Health Impact
Biodegradability: Not biodegradable
Ecotoxicity: Toxic to aquatic life; avoid environmental release
Bioaccumulation: Not significant
Safety Handling Precautions
PPE Required: Gloves, goggles, lab coat, and dust mask or respirator in dusty environments
Handling Guidelines: Avoid contact with combustibles; use in well-ventilated areas; prevent dust generation
Storage Measures: Keep away from heat sources, reducing agents, and organic materials
First Aid Measures
Inhalation: Move to fresh air immediately; seek medical attention if breathing difficulties develop
Skin Contact: Wash thoroughly with soap and water; remove contaminated clothing; seek medical advice if irritation persists
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for at least 15 minutes; seek immediate medical attention
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; rinse mouth with water and seek urgent medical care
Firefighting Measures
Fire Hazards: Strong oxidizer; can intensify fires and cause explosions if mixed with combustibles
Extinguishing Media: Use large amounts of water; do not use dry chemical extinguishers alone
Special Precautions: Firefighters should wear full protective gear and self-contained breathing apparatus
Hazardous Combustion Products: May produce chlorine gas, potassium oxides, and oxygen
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