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Vitamin B7 (Biotin)
Vitamin B7 Biotin, also known as Biotin, is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin essential for various metabolic processes. It serves as a coenzyme for carboxylase enzymes involved in the metabolism of fatty acids, amino acids, and glucose. Biotin is vital for healthy skin, hair, nails, and nervous system function. It is widely used in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, food, cosmetic, and animal nutrition industries.
Vitamin B7 (Biotin)
Primary Uses
- Pharmaceutical Industry
- Deficiency Treatment: Used in the treatment and prevention of biotin deficiency caused by long-term parenteral nutrition, anticonvulsant therapy, or inherited metabolic disorders.
- Supportive Therapy: Included in formulations for diabetes, neuropathy, and certain skin conditions due to its role in glucose metabolism and nerve health.
- Nutraceuticals & Dietary Supplements
- Hair, Skin, and Nail Health: Commonly marketed in beauty supplements to promote stronger hair, clearer skin, and healthy nails.
- B-Complex Formulas: Incorporated into general health supplements for energy metabolism and nervous system support.
- Food & Beverage Industry
- Food Fortification: Added to cereals, infant formulas, meal replacements, and functional foods to improve nutritional value.
Secondary Uses
- Cosmetics & Personal Care
- Topical Applications: Found in shampoos, conditioners, and skin creams to support hair and skin health. Though topical absorption is limited, it is used for its marketing appeal and minor conditioning benefits.
- Animal Nutrition
- Feed Supplement: Used to improve hoof strength in horses, prevent skin disorders in poultry and swine, and promote overall animal growth and well-being.
- Clinical Nutrition
- Parenteral Nutrition: Included in intravenous nutrition formulations for patients who cannot receive adequate vitamins orally.
- Biotechnology & Laboratory Use
- Enzyme Cofactor: Used in biochemical research for studying carboxylation reactions and enzyme kinetics.
- Biotin-Streptavidin Technology: Utilized in molecular biology, diagnostics, and immunoassays for its strong binding affinity with streptavidin or avidin.
1. Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): (3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazole-4-valeric acid
- Common/Trade Name: Biotin, Vitamin B7, Vitamin H
- CAS Number: 58-85-5
- HS Code: 2936.26.00
- Synonyms: D-Biotin, Coenzyme R, Vitamin H
2. Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: Crystalline powder
- Color & Odor: White to off-white; odorless
- Solubility: Slightly soluble in water; insoluble in organic solvents
- Melting Point: 232–234 °C (decomposes)
- Molecular Formula: C10H16N2O3S
- Molecular Weight: 244.31 g/mol
3. Safety & Hazard Attributes
- GHS Classification: Not classified as hazardous
- Toxicity: Very low toxicity; well tolerated even in high doses
- Exposure Limits: No occupational exposure limits established
4. Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and moisture
- Container Type: Airtight, light-protective containers
- Shelf Life: 24–36 months under proper storage
- Handling Precautions: Avoid generating dust; handle in clean, dry environment
5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- Complies with: USP, BP, EP, JP pharmacopeia standards
- Approved in: Food, supplements, cosmetics, and veterinary products
- Manufactured under: GMP and ISO-certified facilities
- Global Approvals: Registered in most countries for both human and animal consumption
6. Environmental & Health Impact
- Biodegradability: Readily biodegradable
- Ecotoxicity: No significant environmental hazard
- Bioaccumulation: Not expected to bioaccumulate
Safety Handling Precautions
- PPE Required: Gloves, lab coat, and dust mask recommended
- Handling Guidelines: Work in well-ventilated areas; avoid inhalation of fine particles
- Storage Measures: Protect from moisture and light; seal containers tightly
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if discomfort persists
- Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water
- Eye Contact: Flush eyes with water for at least 15 minutes
- Ingestion: Rinse mouth; generally non-toxic, but consult a physician if large amounts are ingested
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Non-flammable, but combustible at high temperatures
- Extinguishing Media: Water spray, dry chemical, foam, or CO₂
- Hazardous Combustion Products: May produce carbon and nitrogen oxides on combustion
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