Vitamin K3

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Vitamin K3, chemically known as Menadione, is a synthetic, fat-soluble vitamin used primarily in animal nutrition and some pharmaceutical applications. Unlike Vitamins K1 and K2, Vitamin K3 does not occur naturally but is a stable precursor that the body (or animal body) can convert into active forms of Vitamin K. It plays a critical role in blood clotting, bone metabolism, and cellular health. Vitamin K3 is usually available as Menadione Sodium Bisulfite (MSB) or Menadione Nicotinamide Bisulfite (MNB) for enhanced solubility and stability.

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Categories: Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs), Nutrient Supplements Tags: Cat Vitamin K Source, Dog Food Supplement, Menadione, Poultry Hemorrhage Control, Vitamin K3

Description

Table of Contents

Vitamin K3

Primary Uses

Animal Nutrition

Poultry Feed: Promotes proper blood clotting, bone development, and overall growth.
Livestock & Aquaculture Feed: Ensures skeletal strength and reduces hemorrhagic disorders in swine, cattle, and fish.
Pet Food Supplements: Supports coagulation and general health in dogs, cats, and exotic pets.
Premix & Fortified Feed: Commonly included in vitamin-mineral premixes for commercial animal diets.

Veterinary Pharmaceuticals

Injectables & Oral Preparations: Used in veterinary medicines to treat Vitamin K deficiency or bleeding disorders.
Hatchery Support: Employed in early-stage chick or fish nutrition to prevent hemorrhagic syndromes.

Nutritional & Clinical Research

Nutritional Studies: Used in laboratory animal diets for controlled experiments involving Vitamin K pathways.
Biological Assays: Applied as a reference substance for testing vitamin interactions and functions.

Secondary Uses

Industrial & Pharmaceutical Synthesis

Intermediate in Drug Synthesis: Occasionally used in the production of other Vitamin K analogues.
Research Reagent: Applied in oxidative stress studies and cell signaling research.

KEY PRODUCT FEATURES

1. Basic Identification Attributes

Chemical Name (IUPAC): 2-Methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone
Common/Trade Name: Vitamin K3, Menadione
CAS Number: 58-27-5
HS Code: 2936.29.00
Synonyms: Menadione, Menaphthone, Vitamin K3 MSB/MNB

2. Physical & Chemical Properties

Physical State: Crystalline powder or fine granules
Color & Odor: Yellow to orange; characteristic odor
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water (pure form); soluble as MSB or MNB salts
Melting Point: ~105–107 °C
Molecular Formula: C11H8O2 (base compound)
Molecular Weight: 172.18 g/mol (base compound)
Stability: Stable under dry, dark conditions; light- and heat-sensitive in solution

3. Safety & Hazard Attributes

GHS Classification: May cause skin irritation, eye irritation, and respiratory irritation
Toxicity: Can be toxic at high doses, especially in humans; strictly regulated in human use
LD50 (oral, rat): ~230 mg/kg (Menadione)
Irritant Potential: Can irritate skin, eyes, and mucous membranes

4. Storage & Handling Attributes

Storage Conditions: Store in tightly sealed containers in a cool, dry, and dark environment
Container Type: Double-layered polyethylene bags within fiber drums
Shelf Life: 24 months when stored properly
Handling Precautions: Avoid generating dust; handle with appropriate protective gear

5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes

Approved for Animal Feed Use: Widely accepted in poultry, swine, aquaculture, and ruminant nutrition
Not Approved for Human Use: Banned or restricted in human dietary supplements in many countries
Complies with: Feed-grade standards in line with EU, USDA, and Chinese feed regulations
Manufacturing Standards: GMP and ISO 9001-compliant facilities for feed-grade and veterinary use

6. Environmental & Health Impact

Biodegradability: Degrades in soil and water under aerobic conditions
Ecotoxicity: Low aquatic toxicity at regulated levels
Bioaccumulation: Low risk when used as intended in animal feed

SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS

Safety Handling Precautions

PPE Required: Gloves, lab coat, dust mask, and goggles
Handling Guidelines: Use local ventilation when handling powders; avoid contact with eyes and skin
Storage Measures: Keep sealed and protected from light and moisture

First Aid Measures

Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms persist
Skin Contact: Wash thoroughly with soap and water
Eye Contact: Rinse with water for several minutes; seek help if irritation continues
Ingestion: Rinse mouth; seek medical attention if large amounts are swallowed

Firefighting Measures

Fire Hazards: Combustible dust
Extinguishing Media: Use dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide
Hazardous Combustion Products: Carbon oxides and toxic fumes under fire conditions