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Tylosin Tartrate
Tylosin Tartrate is a water-soluble macrolide antibiotic derived from Streptomyces fradiae, primarily used in veterinary medicine. It is the tartrate salt form of tylosin, enhancing its solubility and making it ideal for administration via drinking water or injectable solutions. Tylosin Tartrate is active against a wide range of Gram-positive bacteria and some Gram-negative organisms, as well as Mycoplasma spp. It is particularly effective for treating respiratory, gastrointestinal, and reproductive infections in livestock and poultry.
Tylosin Tartrate
Primary Uses
- Veterinary Medicine
- Poultry:
- Treatment and prevention of chronic respiratory disease (CRD) caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum.
- Controls infectious sinusitis in turkeys and synovitis caused by Mycoplasma synoviae.
- Administered via drinking water or feed.
- Swine:
- Used for ileitis, swine dysentery, and enzootic pneumonia (caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Brachyspira hyodysenteriae).
- Often included in medicated feed or water.
- Cattle:
-
- Controls bovine respiratory disease complex (shipping fever) caused by Pasteurella, Mycoplasma, and Haemophilus species.
-
- Also used for foot rot and metritis.
- Sheep and Goats:
-
- Treats respiratory infections and mycoplasma-related arthritis.
- Companion Animals (off-label in some countries):
-
- Sometimes used to treat chronic colitis or diarrhea in dogs and cats under veterinary supervision.
- Aquaculture (where permitted)
- Used against Mycoplasma-like organisms and secondary bacterial infections.
Secondary Uses
- Prophylactic Use in Herds/Fluctuations
- Administered during high-stress periods (transport, weaning, vaccination) to prevent outbreaks.
- Growth Promotion (where legal)
- Historically used in low doses as a feed additive to promote growth and improve feed efficiency, though now restricted in many countries.
- Research & Microbiology
- Used as a selective antibiotic in culture media for isolating Mycoplasma
- Applied in antimicrobial resistance studies.
1. Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): Tylosin hydrogen tartrate
- Common/Trade Name: Tylosin Tartrate
- CAS Number: 1405-69-0
- HS Code: 2941.90.00
- Synonyms: Tylosin hydrogen tartrate, Macrolide antibiotic tartrate salt
2. Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: Powder
- Color & Odor: Pale yellow to yellow; mild characteristic odor
- Solubility: Freely soluble in water
- Molecular Formula: C46H77NO17 · C4H6O6
- Molecular Weight: ~1009.2 g/mol
- pH (1% solution): 5.0–7.5
- Loss on Drying: ≤ 5.0%
- Assay (Potency): ≥ 800 µg/mg (potency based on tylosin activity)
3. Safety & Hazard Attributes
- GHS Classification:
- May cause respiratory or skin sensitization
- Harmful if swallowed or inhaled in large quantities
- Environmental hazard (to aquatic life with long-term effects)
- Toxicity: Low toxicity to treated animals when used as directed
- Irritation: May cause skin and eye irritation in handlers
- Occupational Hazards: Allergic reactions (especially in individuals sensitive to macrolides)
4. Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store below 25 °C in a dry place; protect from light and moisture
- Container Type: Fiber drums or HDPE containers with inner liner
- Shelf Life: 24–36 months under proper storage
- Handling Precautions: Avoid inhalation of dust; wear protective gloves, eyewear, and mask
5. Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- Approved for veterinary use by FDA, EMA, WHO, and OIE (in various countries)
- Not intended for human use
- Must comply with maximum residue limits (MRLs) in food-producing animals
- Complies with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) for veterinary pharmaceuticals
- Use in accordance with Veterinary Prescription Regulations (region-specific)
6. Environmental & Health Impact
- Biodegradability: Biodegradable under normal environmental conditions
- Ecotoxicity: Potential impact on soil and aquatic microbiota if improperly disposed
- Bioaccumulation: Low potential
- Resistance Risk: May contribute to antimicrobial resistance if overused or misused
Safety Handling Precautions
- PPE Required: Gloves, dust mask, safety goggles
- Handling Guidelines: Avoid generation of dust; use in well-ventilated areas
- Storage Measures: Keep container tightly closed and dry
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms persist
- Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water
- Eye Contact: Rinse with plenty of water; get medical help if irritation continues
- Ingestion: Rinse mouth; consult a veterinarian or poison control if large quantities are consumed
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Not highly flammable but combustible in powder form
- Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, dry chemical, or CO₂
- Hazardous Combustion Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides
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