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Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate Dihydrate (Na₂HPO₄·2H₂O)
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Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate Dihydrate is the hydrated form of disodium hydrogen phosphate, a white crystalline powder commonly used as a buffering agent, emulsifier, and sequestrant. The dihydrate form contains two water molecules per formula unit, which affects its physical properties such as melting point and solubility. It is widely applied in food, pharmaceutical, water treatment, and industrial processes to maintain pH stability, improve texture, and supply essential sodium and phosphate ions.
Description
Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate Dihydrate (Na₂HPO₄·2H₂O) Uses
Primary Uses
- Food & Beverage Industry
- Serves as a buffering agent to regulate acidity and alkalinity in processed foods, dairy products (e.g., cheese, milk powders), and beverages.
- Acts as an emulsifier and stabilizer in dairy and meat products to enhance texture, moisture retention, and shelf life.
- Functions as a sequestrant to bind metal ions and improve flavor and color stability.
- Used in baking powders as a leavening agent component to control rising.
- Added to nutritional and mineral supplements as a source of phosphate and sodium ions.
- Pharmaceuticals & Healthcare
- Used as a buffering agent in intravenous fluids, oral rehydration solutions, and pharmaceutical formulations to maintain pH balance.
- Included as an excipient in tablets and capsules to aid controlled drug release.
- Plays a role in parenteral nutrition formulations supplying electrolytes.
- Water Treatment
- Employed to control pH and prevent scale formation and corrosion in boilers and cooling systems.
- Acts as a dispersing agent for solids in water systems, maintaining homogeneity.
- Agriculture & Fertilizers
- Supplies phosphate and sodium in fertilizer formulations to enhance soil fertility and crop nutrition.
- Used in hydroponic nutrient solutions to promote plant growth.
- Industrial Applications
- Used in detergent formulations as a builder and pH stabilizer.
- Functions as a buffering and dispersing agent in ceramics, textiles, and paper industries.
Secondary Uses
- Laboratory Reagent
- Commonly used in buffer solutions for biochemical assays, enzyme reactions, and molecular biology research.
- Maintains stable pH environments essential for protein purification and DNA/RNA work.
- Cosmetics & Personal Care
- Acts as a pH adjuster and stabilizer in lotions, creams, and other personal care formulations.
- Animal Feed
Added to animal feeds as a mineral supplement providing phosphate and sodium for metabolic processes.
PRODUCT KEY FEATURES
- Basic Identification Attributes
- Chemical Name (IUPAC): Disodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate
- Common/Trade Name: Disodium Phosphate Dihydrate, Sodium Phosphate Dibasic Dihydrate
- CAS Number: 7788-57-6
- HS Code: 2835.25.00
- Molecular Formula: Na₂HPO₄·2H₂O
- Synonyms:
- Disodium phosphate dihydrate
- Sodium phosphate dibasic dihydrate
- Sodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate
- Physical & Chemical Properties
- Physical State: White crystalline powder or granules
- Odor: Odorless
- Melting Point: Decomposes at ~100–120°C (loss of water of crystallization)
- Solubility: Highly soluble in water; insoluble in alcohol
- pH (1% aqueous solution): Approximately 9.0–10.5 (alkaline)
- Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions; hygroscopic
- Safety & Hazard Attributes
- Hazard Class (GHS): Not classified as hazardous
- Toxicity: Low toxicity; generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for food use
- Exposure Limits: No specific occupational limits established
- Storage & Handling Attributes
- Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry area protected from moisture and contaminants
- Container Type: Paper bags with polyethylene lining, plastic drums
- Shelf Life: 2–3 years if stored properly
- Handling Precautions: Avoid dust generation; use PPE to prevent eye and skin contact
- Regulatory & Compliance Attributes
- Approved worldwide as a food additive and pharmaceutical excipient
- Listed in USP, EP, FCC
- Compliant with REACH and other chemical regulations
- Environmental & Health Impact
- Ecotoxicity: Low
- Persistence: Biodegradable
- Bioaccumulation: Not expected
Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not classified
SAFETY HANDLING PRECAUTIONS
Safety Handling Precautions
PPE Required:
- Dust mask or respirator (for dusty environments)
- Safety goggles
- Gloves (nitrile or latex)
- Protective lab coat or apron
Handling Guidelines:
- Handle in well-ventilated areas to avoid dust inhalation
- Avoid contact with eyes and skin
- Employ dust suppression or extraction systems when transferring in bulk
Storage Measures:
- Keep containers tightly sealed to prevent moisture absorption
- Store away from strong acids and incompatible materials
- Avoid exposure to humidity and high temperatures
Hygiene Practices:
- Wash hands thoroughly after handling
- Do not eat, drink, or smoke during handling
- Maintain a clean working environment to prevent contamination
First Aid Measures
- Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if irritation persists
- Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water; seek medical advice if irritation occurs
- Eye Contact: Rinse with plenty of water for 15 minutes; seek medical advice if irritation continues
- Ingestion: Rinse mouth; generally low toxicity but seek medical help if large quantities ingested
Firefighting Measures
- Fire Hazards: Non-flammable and non-combustible
- Extinguishing Media: Water spray, foam, dry chemical, or CO₂ suitable for surrounding fire
- Special Precautions: Use standard firefighting protective equipment
- Decomposition Products: May emit sodium oxides and phosphorus oxides at very high temperatures
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