Acticide
Acticide is a brand name for a range of biocides and preservatives used primarily in industrial and commercial products to prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, algae, and other microorganisms. It is commonly added to paints, coatings, adhesives, plastics, and personal care products to extend their shelf life and maintain product quality.
Aloe Vera Gel
Aloe Vera Gel is a clear, jelly-like substance extracted from the inner leaf of the Aloe vera plant. It is widely used in skincare for its soothing, hydrating, and healing properties. Rich in vitamins (especially A, C, and E), enzymes, and amino acids, Aloe Vera Gel is commonly applied to treat sunburns, minor cuts, skin irritation, and dryness. It also has mild anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects, making it a popular natural remedy in both cosmetic and medicinal products.
Alpha Arbutin
 Alpha Arbutin is a biosynthetic active ingredient derived from hydroquinone and glucose. It is widely used in cosmetic and skincare formulations for its skin-brightening and spot-reducing properties. Alpha Arbutin inhibits tyrosinase, an enzyme involved in melanin production, thereby helping to reduce pigmentation, dark spots, and uneven skin tone. It is more stable and effective than its beta counterpart and is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin.
Amethocaine
Amethocaine , also known as Tetracaine Hydrochloride, is a potent local anesthetic commonly used in medical and dental procedures to induce numbness or loss of sensation in targeted areas. It belongs to the ester class of local anesthetics and acts by blocking nerve signal transmission, preventing pain sensation. Amethocaine HCl BP is a crystalline white powder, highly soluble in water, and used in topical formulations such as creams, gels, sprays, and injections. Due to its rapid onset and intermediate duration of action, it is widely utilized for surface anesthesia before minor surgeries, endoscopic procedures, or dental treatments. It is approved by pharmacopeias including the British Pharmacopoeia (BP), ensuring compliance with quality and purity standards essential for pharmaceutical applications.
Ammonia Acetate
Ammonium Acetate (NH4CH3COO) is a white crystalline solid or granular powder with a mild ammoniacal odor. It is a salt formed from ammonia and acetic acid, widely used in laboratories, industrial processes, and some niche food and pharmaceutical applications. Ammonium Acetate is highly soluble in water and often utilized as a buffer solution in biochemical and analytical chemistry due to its ability to maintain pH. It also serves as a precursor in the synthesis of various chemicals and acts as a neutralizing agent in several industrial applications.
Ammonia solution
Ammonia solutions, often referred to as aqueous ammonia or ammonium hydroxide, are clear, colorless liquids consisting of ammonia gas dissolved in water. The concentration of ammonia in these solutions typically ranges from 5% to 35% by weight. Ammonia solutions possess a pungent odor characteristic of ammonia gas and are alkaline with a pH typically between 11 and 12.5. This solution is widely used across various industries due to its excellent cleaning properties, reactivity, and role as a nitrogen source.
Ammonium Acetate
Ammonium acetate is a white crystalline solid or granular powder that is highly soluble in water. It is the ammonium salt of acetic acid and commonly appears as a colorless, odorless compound. Ammonium acetate is widely used in laboratories, chemical synthesis, food industry, pharmaceuticals, and industrial applications due to its buffering capacity and ability to provide both ammonium and acetate ions in solution. It functions as a neutral salt and is valued for its role as a pH buffer, reagent, and stabilizer.
Ammonium Bicarbonate
Ammonium bicarbonate is a white crystalline powder or granules with a slightly alkaline taste and a characteristic ammoniacal odor. It is a white solid that decomposes readily on heating, releasing ammonia, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. It is widely used in the food industry as a leavening agent, in chemical synthesis, and in various industrial applications. Its unique property of decomposing to release gases makes it valuable for baking and other processes where gas release is desired.
Ammonium Sulphate
Ammonium Sulphate is an inorganic salt with the formula (NHâ‚„)â‚‚SOâ‚„. It appears as a white crystalline solid, highly soluble in water, and is widely used as a fertilizer due to its high nitrogen and sulfur content. Besides agriculture, ammonium sulphate finds extensive use in industrial processes, food additives, pharmaceutical applications, and water treatment. It acts as a soil amendment to improve nitrogen levels and acidity, a flocculating agent in water purification, and a stabilizer or precipitant in biochemical and pharmaceutical formulations.
Amprolium Hydrochloride BP USP
Amprolium Hydrochloride is a white, odorless, crystalline powder used primarily as a coccidiostat, which means it inhibits the growth of Eimeria species (protozoan parasites) responsible for coccidiosis in poultry and other animals. It works by mimicking thiamine (vitamin B1), thereby competitively inhibiting thiamine uptake by the parasite, disrupting its metabolism, and preventing its proliferation. Amprolium HCl is widely used in veterinary medicine, especially in poultry farming, and is often included in feed or drinking water. It complies with BP 2008 and USP 32 pharmacopeial standards.
Ascorbic Acid
Ascorbic Acid, commonly known as Vitamin C, is a water-soluble vitamin and potent antioxidant essential for collagen synthesis, immune function, and protection against oxidative stress. It is widely used as a nutritional supplement, food preservative, and additive to enhance shelf life and nutritional value. Naturally present in citrus fruits and various vegetables, ascorbic acid is also important in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and animal feed industries due to its health benefits and preservative qualities.
Ashawaganha Powder
Ashawaganha Powder is derived from the dried roots of Withania somnifera, a renowned herb in Ayurvedic and traditional medicine systems. Known as Indian ginseng or winter cherry, Ashwagandha is valued for its adaptogenic properties, helping the body combat stress, enhance vitality, and support overall wellness. The powder is finely ground root material, rich in bioactive compounds such as withanolides, alkaloids, and steroidal lactones. It is widely used as a dietary supplement, in herbal formulations, cosmetics, and traditional medicine.
Ashwagandha Powder
Ashwagandha Powder is derived from the dried roots of Withania somnifera, a renowned herb in Ayurvedic and traditional medicine systems. Known as Indian ginseng or winter cherry, Ashwagandha is valued for its adaptogenic properties, helping the body combat stress, enhance vitality, and support overall wellness. The powder is finely ground root material, rich in bioactive compounds such as withanolides, alkaloids, and steroidal lactones. It is widely used as a dietary supplement, in herbal formulations, cosmetics, and traditional medicine.
Aspartame
Aspartame is a low-calorie artificial sweetener approximately 200 times sweeter than sucrose (table sugar). It is a methyl ester of the dipeptide composed of aspartic acid and phenylalanine. Due to its intense sweetness and low-calorie nature, aspartame is widely used as a sugar substitute in various food and beverage products. It is popular among consumers seeking to reduce caloric intake, especially diabetics and those on weight management programs. Aspartame breaks down at high temperatures, limiting its use in certain cooking or baking applications. It is approved by numerous global food safety authorities, including the FDA and EFSA.
Aspartame FCC IV 100 Mesh
Aspartame FCC IV 100 Mesh is a high-purity, fine crystalline powder form of aspartame, meeting Food Chemicals Codex (FCC) grade IV specifications, and ground to a 100 mesh particle size. This fine particle size improves its solubility and dispersibility in beverages and other formulations. Aspartame is an intense artificial sweetener approximately 200 times sweeter than sucrose. It is widely used as a low-calorie sugar substitute in various food, beverage, pharmaceutical, and personal care products. This form is preferred for applications requiring rapid dissolution and uniform sweetness.
Atropine Sulphate
Atropine Sulphate is a crystalline, water-soluble alkaloid salt derived from the belladonna plant (Atropa belladonna) and other Solanaceae family members. It is a tropane alkaloid with potent anticholinergic properties, widely used in medicine for its ability to block muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Atropine Sulphate is employed in ophthalmology, emergency medicine, and anesthesia for its effects on the eyes, heart, and smooth muscles. It acts by inhibiting parasympathetic nerve impulses, resulting in pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and reduced gland secretions.
Avobenzone
Avobenzone (chemical name: Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane) is an oil-soluble organic compound widely used as a UVA filter in sunscreen formulations. It is valued for its ability to absorb a broad spectrum of ultraviolet A (UVA) rays (320–400 nm), protecting the skin from premature aging and damage caused by sun exposure. Avobenzone is often combined with other UV filters to provide broad-spectrum sun protection. It is a pale yellow liquid or crystalline powder, soluble in oils and alcohols but unstable in sunlight unless stabilized with other agents.
Beeswax
 Beeswax is a natural wax produced by honeybees of the genus Apis. It is secreted by worker bees from specialized glands and used to build honeycomb cells. Beeswax is a complex mixture of esters, fatty acids, and hydrocarbons, characterized by a pale yellow to brown color, a pleasant honey-like aroma, and a firm yet pliable texture. It has excellent emulsifying, binding, and protective properties, making it widely used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, food, and industrial applications. Beeswax is prized for its natural origin, biodegradability, and skin-friendly characteristics.
Benzoic Acid
 Benzoic Acid is a white crystalline solid with a faint, pleasant odor, classified as a simple aromatic carboxylic acid. It is widely used as a food preservative, antimicrobial agent, and chemical intermediate. Naturally occurring in many plants, it is commercially produced through oxidation of toluene or extraction from natural sources. Benzoic acid is valued for its ability to inhibit the growth of mold, yeast, and certain bacteria, making it essential in food preservation and cosmetic formulations. It also serves as a precursor in the manufacture of various pharmaceuticals, dyes, and plasticizers.
Benzyl Alcohol
Benzyl Alcohol is an aromatic alcohol with a mild pleasant odor and clear, colorless liquid appearance. It serves as a versatile solvent, preservative, and intermediate in chemical synthesis. Benzyl Alcohol is widely used across pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, paints, coatings, and as a bacteriostatic agent in injectable drugs. Its relatively low toxicity and good solvent properties make it valuable in both industrial and consumer products.
Benzyl Konium Chloride
Benzyl Konium Chloride (BAC) 50% is a quaternary ammonium compound with potent antimicrobial and disinfectant properties. It is a cationic surfactant widely used for its bactericidal, fungicidal, and virucidal effects. This clear to pale yellow liquid concentrate is highly soluble in water and is commonly used in healthcare, sanitation, and industrial hygiene applications. BAC 50% solutions serve as active ingredients in disinfectants, sanitizers, and antiseptics due to their effectiveness against a broad spectrum of microorganisms.
Beta Carotene SUN
Beta Carotene SUN is a concentrated formulation of beta carotene, a naturally occurring red-orange pigment found in plants and fruits. It is a precursor to vitamin A and a potent antioxidant that helps protect cells from oxidative damage. This product, typically suspended in an oil base or suitable carrier, is widely used as a natural colorant, nutritional supplement, and cosmetic ingredient. Beta Carotene 30% SUN offers enhanced stability under sunlight exposure, making it ideal for food, feed, and cosmetic applications where light stability is critical.
Betamethasone 17 Valerate BP
Betamethasone 17 Valerate BP is a potent synthetic corticosteroid ester used primarily for its anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, and vasoconstrictive properties. It is commonly applied topically to treat a variety of skin conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, dermatitis, and allergic reactions. The valerate ester enhances the lipophilicity and skin penetration of betamethasone, improving its therapeutic efficacy. It is recognized in the British Pharmacopoeia (BP) for pharmaceutical standards and quality.
Betamethasone Sodium Phosphate BP
Betamethasone Sodium Phosphate BP is a synthetic corticosteroid ester in its water-soluble sodium salt form. It is widely used for its strong anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties in medical and veterinary applications. It is typically formulated as an injectable or ophthalmic solution to manage acute or chronic inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, including severe allergic reactions, asthma, arthritis, and dermatological disorders. Its rapid onset of action and high potency make it valuable in emergency and systemic therapy.
Bismuth Subgallate
Bismuth Subgallate is a pale yellow, odorless, tasteless powder composed of bismuth and gallic acid derivatives. It is widely used as an internal deodorant for controlling odor from flatulence and stool, especially in patients with gastrointestinal conditions or post-surgery stomas. It also serves as a mild astringent and has hemostatic properties, making it useful in wound care products. Due to its insolubility in water and stability, it is suited for oral and topical formulations.
Boric Acid
Boric Acid, chemically known as hydrogen borate or boracic acid, is a weak, monobasic Lewis acid of boron. It appears as a white, crystalline powder or granules that are odorless and slightly soluble in water. Boric Acid is commonly used in antiseptics, insecticides, flame retardants, and as a buffering agent in various industrial and pharmaceutical applications. Due to its mild antiseptic and antifungal properties, it is often used in ophthalmic, dermatologic, and other personal care formulations. It also plays a key role in glass and ceramics manufacturing as well as in agriculture.
Bromelain
Bromelain is a natural mixture of proteolytic enzymes derived primarily from the stem and fruit of the pineapple plant (Ananas comosus). It appears as a pale yellow to off-white powder with a characteristic mild odor and is water-soluble. Bromelain exhibits protease activity, breaking down proteins into peptides and amino acids, making it valuable in medical, food, and industrial applications. It is widely used as an anti-inflammatory agent, digestive aid, meat tenderizer, and in cosmetic formulations due to its enzymatic and therapeutic properties.
Bromhexine HCL BP
Bromhexine HCL BP is a synthetic mucolytic agent, commonly used as an expectorant to treat respiratory disorders associated with excessive mucus. It appears as a white or slightly yellow crystalline powder that is soluble in water and alcohol. Bromhexine works by breaking down the structure of mucus, reducing its viscosity and facilitating easier expectoration. It is widely used in pharmaceutical formulations such as tablets, syrups, and injectables for respiratory conditions like bronchitis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Bronopol
Bronopol (2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol) is a water-soluble, white crystalline powder or granules with a slight odor. It is a synthetic antimicrobial agent widely used as a preservative in personal care products, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and industrial applications. Bronopol exhibits broad-spectrum bactericidal and fungicidal activity, making it effective against a wide range of microorganisms. It works by releasing active formaldehyde slowly, which disrupts microbial metabolism and reproduction.
Butanol
Butanol (also known as n-Butanol or Normal Butanol) is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild, alcoholic odor. It is a four-carbon primary alcohol with the chemical formula C4H10O. Butanol is moderately soluble in water and miscible with many organic solvents. Its physical and chemical properties make it a versatile solvent and chemical intermediate. Butanol indicates a high purity grade often used in industrial, pharmaceutical, and chemical synthesis applications.
Calamine Powder
Calamine Powder is a fine, light pink powder primarily composed of zinc oxide and a small percentage of ferric oxide, which gives it its characteristic pink color. It is an inorganic compound widely used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations due to its soothing, antiseptic, and astringent properties. Calamine Powder is commonly applied topically to relieve itching, minor skin irritations, insect bites, rashes, and sunburn. It acts by forming a protective barrier on the skin, reducing inflammation and providing a mild cooling effect.
Calcium D-Panthothenate
Calcium D-Panthothenate is the calcium salt of D-pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), appearing as a white or off-white crystalline powder. It is a stable, water-soluble compound widely used as a dietary supplement and pharmaceutical ingredient to supply vitamin B5, essential for coenzyme A synthesis and normal metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Calcium D-Panthothenate supports adrenal function, wound healing, and nervous system health, and is frequently incorporated into multivitamins, nutritional supplements, fortified foods, and topical formulations.
Calcium Gluconate
Calcium Gluconate is a calcium salt of gluconic acid appearing as a white, odorless, crystalline powder or colorless crystals. It is highly soluble in water and commonly used as a calcium supplement in pharmaceuticals and food products. Calcium Gluconate plays a critical role in medicine for treating calcium deficiencies, hypocalcemia, and as an antidote for hydrofluoric acid burns. Its excellent bioavailability makes it a preferred calcium source in oral and intravenous formulations. Additionally, it is utilized in food fortification and cosmetic applications due to its safety and compatibility.
Calcium Lactate Pentahydrate
Calcium Lactate Pentahydrate is a white, crystalline, odorless powder that is the calcium salt of lactic acid with five molecules of water of crystallization. It is moderately soluble in water and has a slightly alkaline pH in solution. Widely used as a calcium supplement in the pharmaceutical and food industries, it is known for its good bioavailability and safety profile. Calcium Lactate Pentahydrate is utilized to prevent and treat calcium deficiencies and plays a role in bone health, muscle function, and enzyme activity. It also finds applications as a food additive and firming agent.
Calcium Propionate
Calcium Propionate is the calcium salt of propionic acid, appearing as a white, crystalline powder or granules with a slightly salty taste and low odor. It is highly soluble in water and used primarily as a food preservative and mold inhibitor. Calcium Propionate inhibits the growth of mold, bacteria, and fungi, making it especially valuable in baked goods, dairy products, and animal feed to extend shelf life and prevent spoilage. It also finds application in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics as a preservative and antimicrobial agent.
Calcium Saccharin
 Calcium Saccharin is the calcium salt form of saccharin, a synthetic sweetener. It appears as a white to off-white crystalline powder with a sweet taste that is several hundred times sweeter than sucrose (table sugar). Calcium Saccharin is water-soluble and widely used as a non-nutritive sweetener in food and beverage products, pharmaceuticals, and oral care formulations. Due to its stability under heat and acidic conditions, it is ideal for baked goods and beverages. It serves as a sugar substitute for diabetic and calorie-restricted diets and is often used in combination with other sweeteners to improve taste profiles.
Carbocisteine AJI 92
 Carbocisteine AJI 92 is a high-purity pharmaceutical-grade amino acid derivative, chemically known as S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine. It is a white to off-white crystalline powder with a slightly sulfurous odor and is freely soluble in water. Carbocisteine functions primarily as a mucolytic agent—reducing the viscosity of mucus and promoting expectoration in respiratory tract infections. The "AJI 92" specification refers to its compliance with the purity standards established by Ajinomoto's amino acid quality benchmarks, ensuring it meets stringent pharmaceutical-grade quality control for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). It is widely used in oral syrups, tablets, and granules in both human and veterinary medicine.
Carbomer
Carbomer is a high molecular weight, crosslinked polyacrylic acid polymer used primarily as a rheology modifier, thickening agent, and suspension stabilizer. Supplied as a fluffy white powder, it exhibits high viscosity and excellent clarity when neutralized and dispersed in water or alcohol-water systems. Carbomer 940 is widely valued for its ability to form clear gels, control flow properties, and stabilize emulsions. It is commonly used in cosmetics, personal care, pharmaceuticals, and household formulations due to its consistency, compatibility, and efficient thickening performance at low concentrations.
Castor Oil Food Grade
Castor Oil Food Grade is a pale yellow, viscous vegetable oil derived by cold pressing the seeds of the Ricinus communis plant. Known for its high content of ricinoleic acid, it has a mild flavor and is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries. As a food-grade oil, it is purified to meet strict quality and safety standards. It serves both as a laxative agent and a food additive, often used in flavor carriers, coatings, and processing aids. The oil’s high stability and low moisture content also make it suitable for specialty industrial applications in food-safe environments.
Cellulose Acetate Phthalate (CAP)
 Cellulose Acetate Phthalate (CAP) is a cellulose derivative obtained by esterification of cellulose with acetic acid and phthalic anhydride. It appears as a white to off-white, free-flowing powder that is insoluble in water but soluble in alkaline solutions and certain organic solvents. CAP is primarily used as an enteric coating agent in pharmaceutical formulations, providing resistance to acidic gastric fluids and enabling targeted release of drugs in the intestines. Due to its film-forming, pH-sensitive solubility, and protective properties, CAP is also applied in food, cosmetics, and specialty industrial uses.
Cellulose Ether
 Cellulose ether refers to a group of chemically modified cellulose derivatives where hydroxyl groups on the cellulose backbone are substituted with ether groups such as methyl, hydroxyethyl, or carboxymethyl groups. These modifications improve solubility, viscosity, and film-forming properties while maintaining biodegradability and non-toxicity. Cellulose ethers are white to off-white powders or granules that dissolve in water to form viscous, stable solutions. They are widely used as thickeners, binders, stabilizers, and film formers in industries such as construction, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food, and paper.
Cetirizine Dihydrochloride
Cetirizine Dihydrochloride is a second-generation antihistamine widely used to relieve allergy symptoms such as hay fever, urticaria (hives), and other allergic conditions. It is the dihydrochloride salt form of cetirizine, presenting as a white to off-white crystalline powder that is odorless or nearly odorless and slightly bitter in taste. Cetirizine Dihydrochloride acts as a selective antagonist of peripheral H1 histamine receptors, preventing the effects of histamine and thereby reducing allergic symptoms without causing significant sedation. It is a commonly prescribed active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in oral tablets, syrups, and capsules.
Cetirizine Hydrochloride (Cetirizine HCl)
Cetirizine Hydrochloride is a widely used second-generation antihistamine effective for treating allergic conditions such as allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and other allergy symptoms. It is the hydrochloride salt form of cetirizine, existing as a white to off-white crystalline powder with a slightly bitter taste. Cetirizine HCl acts by selectively blocking peripheral H1 histamine receptors, thereby reducing allergic symptoms without significant sedation or central nervous system depression. It is commonly formulated into tablets, syrups, and capsules as an active pharmaceutical ingredient.
Cetomacrogel 1000BP
Cetomacrogel 1000BP is a high molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivative, typically used as a thickening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer in pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations. It appears as a white to off-white, waxy solid or flakes with a neutral odor. Known for its excellent water solubility and compatibility with various ingredients, Cetomacrogel 1000BP enhances texture, viscosity, and stability in creams, ointments, and gels. It serves as a hydrophilic vehicle base in topical and oral pharmaceutical preparations and improves product spreadability and skin feel.
Cetrimide Powder
Cetrimide Powder is a high-purity quaternary ammonium compound widely used for its antiseptic, disinfectant, and surfactant properties. It is a cationic surfactant derived from cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and appears as a white to off-white crystalline powder with a slight characteristic odor. Known for its excellent antimicrobial efficacy against bacteria and fungi, cetrimide is frequently incorporated in pharmaceutical, personal care, and industrial formulations. It acts as a bactericidal agent, detergent, and emulsifier, providing effective cleaning and disinfecting action.
Chloramphenicol Palmitate Micronised
Chloramphenicol Palmitate Micronised is a micronized, lipophilic ester derivative of chloramphenicol, designed for improved solubility and bioavailability compared to the parent drug. It appears as a fine, white to off-white powder with enhanced surface area due to micronization. This antibiotic is widely used for oral formulations, particularly pediatric suspensions, due to its palatability and controlled release properties. Chloramphenicol Palmitate exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Its ester form offers better stability and reduced bitterness, making it a preferred choice in pharmaceutical preparations.
Chlorhexidine Digluconate
Chlorhexidine Digluconate is a concentrated aqueous solution of chlorhexidine salt (digluconate form), a potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent. It is a clear to slightly yellow viscous liquid with a mild characteristic odor. This antiseptic and disinfectant is widely used in medical, personal care, and industrial applications for its ability to effectively kill bacteria, fungi, and some viruses by disrupting microbial cell membranes. Chlorhexidine Digluconate is valued for its residual antimicrobial activity, low toxicity, and compatibility with various formulations.
Chlorobutanol BP
Chlorobutanol BP (also known as 1,1,1-Trichloro-2-methyl-2-propanol) is a white crystalline solid or powder, with a slight camphor-like odor and a bitter taste. It is a multifunctional preservative, anesthetic, and antimicrobial agent commonly used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and personal care products. Chlorobutanol exhibits bacteriostatic and fungistatic properties, making it effective in preventing microbial contamination in aqueous formulations. It also possesses mild local anesthetic effects, frequently used in ophthalmic and injectable preparations as a preservative and stabilizer.
Chloroform
Chloroform (Trichloromethane) is a clear, colorless, volatile liquid with a sweet, pleasant odor. It is a widely used organic solvent with excellent solvency for many substances. Historically employed as an anesthetic, chloroform is now primarily used in laboratories and industry for extraction, degreasing, and chemical synthesis. It has moderate volatility and is heavier than air, requiring careful handling to avoid inhalation hazards. Its chemical stability and ability to dissolve fats, alkaloids, and other substances make it valuable in pharmaceutical, chemical, and industrial processes.